Hydro Electricity Generation

What is Hydroelectricity?

the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water

Hydropower is the renewable energy contained in flowing water

History

History

In 19th century, Electrical Generator was developed.

In 1878 the world's first hydroelectric power scheme was developed at  Crag side  in Northumberland.

Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882,

Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a vast quantity of electricity

 Hoover Dam's(U.S) initial 1,345 MW power station was the world's largest hydroelectric power station in 1936.

Structural Overview

Basic Structure

Classification of hydropower plantsAccording to

Capacity

Large

Medium

Small

Mini

Micro

Pico

According to head

High

Medium

Low

According to purposeSingle

purpose

Multi purpose

According to facility types

Run-of-River

Reservoirs

Tidal

Pumped storage

According to hydrological

relationSingle

Cascade

According to transmission

systemIsolated

Connected to grid

Types of Hydroelectric Power Plants

Conventional DamsPumped-StorageRun of River.Tide Power HydroelectricityUnderground Hydroelectricity

Conventional Dam

Pumped Storage

Run of The River

Tide Power Hydroelectricity

Power Plant Layout

How Electricity Generate

Six Important Components

1) Dam

2) Water Reservoir

3) Intake or Control Gates

4) The Penstock

5) Water Turbines

6) Generators

Types Of Turbine

Turbines

Impulse Type

Pelton Cross Flow

Reaction Type

Propeller

Francis Kinetic

Basic Parts Of Generator & Turbine

Generator Turbine

Rotor Runner Blades

Stator Spiral Case

Shaft Wicket Gates

Guided Bearing Draft Tube

Exciter Runner Cone

Hydraulic Brecks Hydraulic Brecks

Governor System To control the opening and closing of

Wicket gates To stabilizing Frequency To control the Generation For monitoring

Cross sectional view of Power House

Types Of Power House LARGE: >100 MW MEDIUM: 25 – 100 MW SMALL: 1-25 MW MINI: 100 KW - 1MW MICRO: 5 – 100 KW PICO: < 5 KW

Transmission

Facts & Figure

Advantages

No pollutants! Say no to greenhouse gases Saving natural resources A predictable renewable source of energy Dams as a water reservoir Economical advantage Constant source of energy Controllable source of energy Flexibility

Disadvantages Emission of methane and carbon dioxide Disturbance of habitat Installation costs Limited use Divert natural waterway Effects on agriculture Fish killing Disputes between people Siltation and flow shortage. Failure risks

World Largest Dams

Thank You!