Human Geography Lesson 1

DEMOGRAPHICS

Bellringer – Page 11

Use book pages 58-65– What are we going to be studying about? Come up

with 10 topics, write on page 11 in your journal.• Pages 471 and 193 - Population density maps

– Where are people living? Why?

Bellringer – Pg 11

Add this to last week’s bellringer

List the oceans and the continents.

Population Density

Population Distribution

Why do they live in these places? Why do they not live in others??

• World physical map page A2

World Population Growth

• Why the HUGE growth in the 20th century (1900s)• You will share your conclusions with the class

POPULATION PYRAMIDS

PG 12

Objectives

• WHAT is a population pyramid?• HOW to read a population pyramid?• Recognize SHAPES of population

pyramids. • IMPORTANCE of population

pyramids.

What is a population pyramid?

• It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group.

• Also shows:- proportion of young people (0 -14 )- proportion of working people (15 – 59)- proportion of elderly people (60+)

What is a population pyramid?

Vertical Axis - Age Groups

Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number

Young dependents

Working population

Elderly dependents

How to read a population pyramid?

• Read the title e.g. country or city or racial group

• Comment on general shape of the pyramid

• Note the proportion of people in various age groups

• Note the sex ratio• Interpret the data

Types of Population Pyramid

1. Triangular-shaped

2. Beehive-shaped Pyramid

3. Rectangular-shaped Pyramid

Shape of pyramids is controlled by–births,–deaths, &–migrations.

Triangular-shaped Pyramid(Broad-based Pyramid)

Broad-based PyramidTitle: India, 2000Shape: Broad Base - high birth rates Narrow Top - small elderly pop

- high death rateProportion: - Large proportion of young

- high young dependency ratio

Sex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance sex ratio

For your notes

• Draw a triangle shape pyramid

• Broad Base = high birth rate

• Narrow top = high death rate, low elderly population

Indonesia2000

Malaysia2000

Beehive-shaped Pyramid

Beehive-shaped PyramidTitle: Singapore, 2000Shape: Rocket-shaped / Narrow Base

– Low Birth Rates, Slow pop growthProportion: Large proportion of working

population, 15-59 yr old - large group of economically active pop

Sex Ratio: Balanced pyramid

For your notes

• Draw a beehive pyramid• Narrow base = low birth

rate and slow growth• Large middle = lots of

workers

Hong Kong2000

Taiwan2000

Rectangular-shaped Pyramid

Rectangular PyramidTitle: Netherlands, 2000Shape: Rectangular-shaped - Zero Pop Growth Narrow Base - Low Birth Rates

- Life-expectancy is high e.g. 80+ - Low death rates

Proportion: Bars of equal length - Balance ProportionSex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance Sex Ratio

For your notes

• Draw a rectangle pyramid

• Rectangle = zero population growth

• Narrow base = low birth rate

• Low death rate• High life expectancy

UK 2000

Netherlands2000

Population Pyramids in Transition

Each pyramid tells a story about the

past, present & future of a country & its people.

Importance of Population Pyramids

• Policy Planning

~ future housing estates

~ future schools

~ future jobs• Comparison with other countries

~ developed (US) vs developing (India)

Your turn…

• Look at the shape• Find the trend• Remember your basic shapes

United States, 2000•More boys in younger age groups than girls•Reversal of ratio in upper age groups•Shifts around age 35•Slow growth

China, 2000•Efforts to reduce the birth rate have contributed to a prominent male majority.•Since the early 1980s, parents try to have a male child if they are only having one child•Boys culturally seen as more beneficial than a female•Imbalance•Could lead to instabilities

Mexico, 2000•Pyramid shape•Rapid growth

Iceland, 2000•Generally straight except for older age groups•Stable population

Japan, 2000•Top-heavy shape•Shrinking population

Germany, 2010•Negative growth

Sweden, 2010•Somewhat stable; could be beginning a pattern of negative growth

Kenya, 2010•Looks like slow growth•Dying younger•The situation in Kenya: young adults with AIDS are dying leaving a very young population in its place

Brazil, 2010•Looks like the pattern of rapid growth was interrupted by something•Growth rate is again rising

Russia, 2010•Very unbalanced at top between males and females.•Transitioning between patterns of rapid growth; either slowing or beginning to grow again.

North Korea, 2010•Beginning period of negative growth•Had previously experienced rapid growth•Females outnumber men in older ages

Glue your created population pyramid to the back of page 12

Exit Slip

• What shape is your population pyramid?• What does that tell you about the

– Age groups (youth, working, elderly)– Sex– Growth

Levels of Development• More Developed

– GDP per capita of $25,000 or more

– Literacy rate at/near 99%– Technology– Industrialized– Varied distribution of labor– Large Urban population– High life expectancy (above

76)

• Less Developed– Low life expectancy– Less than $8,000 GDP per

capita– Large rural population– High infant mortality rate– High birth rate

• Newly Industrialized– $9000-24,000 GDP per capita– Growing urban population– Growing technology

Definitions for your notes – Pg 12

• More developed• Newly industrialized• Less developed

Country Profile Assignment

• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/