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1 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
HONORING THEIR RIGHTS
Contribution to the rise of the indigenous
people groups in Southern Mindanao
2006 – Present - Future
May 26, 2011
Migrants’ initiative transforms
community through technology
and Tri-people empowerment
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2 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Table of Contents
Honoring their rights ........................................................................................................... 3 Food security ....................................................................................................................... 4 Access to technology and mechanization .................................................................. 5 Agro-forestry ........................................................................................................................ 6 Economic development ................................................................................................... 7 Claim Ancestral Domain ................................................................................................... 7 Access to clean water ...................................................................................................... 8 Self-Determination .............................................................................................................. 7 Education and Literacy..................................................................................................... 9 Indicators social change ................................................................................................ 10
FRONT PAGE PICTURE: The second Kinder II graduation of IP Manobo children
from their first ever school in Biao, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
PASALI Philippine Foundation, May 2011
Writer Jofellini Shane Pulmano
Editor
Data Maribeth Ty
McDonnel Ty
Jofellini Shane Pulmano
Salido Panalon
Vilma Bonifacio
Duma Bonifacio
Photos Marilyn Ty, Mary Dawn Mantala, Jofellini Shane Pulmano
Our territories are our wealth, the major assets we have. And Indigenous people use
and steward this property so that they can achieve and maintain a livelihood, and
achieve and maintain that same livelihood for future generations.”
Rebecca Adamson, instigator Global Indigenous Peoples' Facility Fund, WORLD
BANK
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3 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
150 million tribal people live in more than 60 countries across the world.
Although their land ownership rights are recognized in international law, they
are not properly respected anywhere.
Survival International
“The [..] enactment of [..] legislation that protect indigenous peoples’ rights will
definitely reinforce the capacity of indigenous peoples to mitigate [..] climate
change.”
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
Executive Director, Tebtebba
Honoring their rights The IP villages that PASALI enters, in the General Santos area and especially the
IP village of Biao, Palimbang, shows similar issues the inhabitants deal with.
Among others no food, no water, rampant illnesses, no medical facility, no
school, no money, no mechanization, no recognized land rights, land
encroachment, effects of GMOs and climate change, and severe
discrimination and marginalization by government and other ethnic
communities. When PASALI asked one chief what he wanted for his Manobo
tribe, he said: “We need food and water, help for our economy, and education
for our children.”
This sum-up forms the base for PASALI interventions since 2007:
Food security System of Rice and Corn Intensification
Economic development Subsistence farming and small-scale commercial
farming
Agro-forestry Plans for rubber plantations
Access to clean water Installing hydraulic ram pumps
Education and Literacy Building their own schools
Self-determination Cooperative formation and direct access to LGUs
Claim Ancestral Domain Ongoing work for a claim in Biao, Palimbang
Social change Indicators change in social relationships, gender
development, development of youth, and
improvement of wellness of the community
This document gives a summary of the changes in these areas for the IPs PASALI
has ventured to support. PASALI initial goal is food security but this interventional
has spiraled countless unintended positive effects and over time, formed the
basis for PASALI to develop concrete schemes that IP communities may draw
their empowerment from.
So far, 18 water systems are installed in upland communities in Sarangani and
South Cotabato. These communities now enjoy access to clean water by a
motorless pump system, AIDFI’s hydraulic ram pump, winner of the BBC World
Challenge 2010. Also, a Manobo community in Biao, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
has seen tremendous growth in these areas. They have gone from no food, to
subsistence farming to small-scale commercial farming in just three years.
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4 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Food security
- Introduction of food growing techniques
- System of Corn Intensification
- System of Rice Intensification for upland rice
- Organic farming
- Subsistence farming to small-scale commercial farming
Before 2007 the Manobo Indigenous People community of Biao lived a
nomadic existence, moving from one area to another. They lived on hunting,
root gathering, and sporadic vegetable growing. Their food supply was so little
that by the time PASALI entered the scene in 2007, the groups suffered greatly
from hunger and illness.
PASALI introduced planting techniques, farm equipments and technology, and
brought their own farmer technicians to instruction and give trainings. With input
from the Department of Agriculture and PASALI’s techniques, the community
began growing rice System of Rice Intensification, and later corn and other
vegetables for their own consumption in 2007. The outcome was directly visible:
when first the village had nothing to offer their guests, now the guests were
offered a myriad of good things.
In 2008, the group began
applying an adapted version of
System of Rice Intensification for
corn, System of Corn
Intensification. This system needs
less water than the conventional
chemical-based corn known to
be grown in the area and no
synthetic inputs. After several IP
leaders did training for financial
literacy facilitated by PASALI in
2010, they devised their own
alternative crop system with over
10 households for communal
care of the production, named
Compact Farming.
Figure 1 – we are currently gathering
data from Biao’s monitoring.
UN Human Rights
Article 25
Everyone has the right
to a standard of living
adequate for the
health and well-being
of himself and of his
family, including food
[..]
Agriculture and
Fisheries
Modernization Act
1997 Section 2.b. Food
Security–The State
assures the availability
adequacy,
accessibility and
affordability of food
supplies to all times;
MDGs 1: Eradicate
extreme poverty and
hunger
Target 1C: Halve the
proportion of people
who suffer from
hunger.
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5 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Access to appropriate technology and
mechanization
- CORN MILL design and fabrication
- CORN SHELLER design and fabrication
- Contribution to up-scaling subsistence and commercial farming
Since the Manobos began having harvests of corn, they processed it manually,
with a stone or wood corn grinder. PASALI designed and fabricated a corn mill
machine, which the community in Biao has used since 2009. A PASALI engineer
based its design on a manual coffee grinder from the Netherlands. Its runs on a
9- HP generator, donated by a PASALI Dutch corporate partner. Several
capable IPs were trained for the maintenance of the machine and the
community members take care of their own fuel.
In 2011, PASALI also fabricated a corn sheller. Rather than them manually
removing the husk from the corn, this machine removes it for them. It too runs
on the 9 HP generator. These machines helped the village upscale their
production and supply. The traders of two new markets in the vicinity of Biao
have made the corn farmers of this Manobo village the main supplier of their
corn. Biao inhabitants have sped up and put extra care in their corn growing,
seeing possibilities with their machines. Other Manobo communities have
approached PASALI and the elders of this village, inquiring after these
machines and the planting methods that have already spread out to four other
villages.
PASALI plans to design and fabricate more machines to complement the
agricultural production of the IPs, including implements for the processing of
rubber once the agro-forestry plans start. Other appropriate technologies
already in line and could be fabricated for IP villages, are:
- FERTILIZER PROCESSER (processing organic fertilizer)
- HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP (by BBC World Challenge winner AIDFI)
- ROTARY WEEDER (for SRI rice and other crops)
EED-TFIP 6-Point Food
Security Agenda 6.b
Developing the
capacity of
indigenous peoples to
strengthen their food
security;
Agriculture and
Fisheries
Modernization Act
1997 2.a. The State
shall ensure that the
poorer sectors of
society have
equitable access to
resources, income
opportunities, basic
and support services
and infrastructure
especially in areas
where productivity is
low as a means of
improving their quality
of life compared with
other sectors of
society.
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6 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Agro-forestry: Rubber Introducing rubber to IP communities, gives them a sustainable cash crop that’s
in line with their cultural care of nature and contributes to climate change
mitigation.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RUBBER TREES
Rubber trees are a sustainable cash crop, sustainable source of wood, minimal
care and investment with large potential income, and source of employment
for thousands of people, including small-holder farmers. 75% of the rubber
farmers are small-holders operating from 2 to 5 hectares. The level of domestic
rubber production supplies only 40% of the domestic consumption. Due to the
slow rate of replanting and new planting programs, the Philippines will
experience shortage of about 20,000 – 30,000 tons of natural rubber annually.1
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF RUBBER TREES
Agro-forestry with rubber is reforestation, anti-soil erosion, anti-soil exhaustion en
reduces use of nitrogen fertilizers on land filling (unlike monoculture crops, trees
give soil conditioning), lifts ground water levels, contributes to anti-global
warming (produces O2 and adsorbs CO2). Our average CO2 consumption in
the Philippines is 0,8 – 1 ton per person per year2, while trees consumes 117 -
210 kg CO2/ha daily.3 This considering, agro-forestation with rubber is force for
climate change mitigation.
STATUS
February – March 2011 Meetings and knowledge exchanges with
April 2011 Initial proposal to DA for rubber for Biao accepted
and pending acceptance: 10 hectares, 500 trees
per hectare, plus facilities and equipment.
May – on Start 1 hectare of rubber trees in Biao 1 www.philmech.gov.ph/phindustry/rubber.htm 2 www.tradingeconomics.com 3 Tuzhikina, V.V. (2006), “Carbon dioxide exchange in the photosynthetic apparatus of trees in a
mature spruce phytocenosis of the northern taiga subzone,” EKOLOGIYA, RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF
ECOLOGY, Volume 37, Number 2, 84-89
MDG 2.7
7A: Integrate the
principles of
sustainable
development into
country policies and
programs; reverse loss
of environmental
resources
Target 7B: Reduce
biodiversity loss,
achieving, by 2010, a
significant reduction in
the rate of loss:
- Proportion of land
area covered by forest
- CO2 emissions, total,
per capita and per $1
GDP (PPP)
Mindanao Peoples’
Peace Agenda
11. Ensure a more
serious consideration
of climate change
and comprehensively
integrate measures to
protect and preserve
the environment in the
promotion of a
sustainable
development plan for
Mindanao.
EED-TFIP 6-Point Food
Security Agenda 4a.
We shall defend and
protect resources by
implementing
sustainable natural
resource management
programs, specifically
those that rehabilitate
the forest and water
resources in order to
protect the natural
resource base.
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7 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Economic development
- Production SRI upland rice
- Production SCI upland corn
- Production mixed vegetables: unions, eggplants, etc
- Compact Farming
- Creation of four functional farm cooperatives
- Creation of two new markets in the upland area
- Sales of food produce on three local markets
- Increase in demand for transportation
With PASALI’s assistance with technology and trainings on agriculture, IP
members of Biao started growing food in larger scale than they did before with
SCI for upland corn and SCI for upland rice, actually do so in an
environmentally friendly manner. In 2010 they devised their own farm
management scheme, which they named Compact Farming. At the end of
2010, PASALI facilitated and gave trainings to Biao IPs to organize themselves
into cooperatives. There are now 4 functional cooperatives ranging from 15 – 45
household members. Soon they will all be recognized formally by the
Cooperative Development Authority (CDA).
The production of corn grew to such quantities that the farmer households sold
their produce at the Women’s Market in Kanipaan, Palimbang. Inspired by this
market, the possibilities of their machinery and growing quantity of food, the
cooperatives started two markets in two villages. For people who formerly
suffered from hunger, having their own market is not just a novelty but a great
step forward. The members of the cooperatives provide the supply for the
market traders. This increased the demand for transportation, which in that area
is the horse. Now members are asking for the development of roads, since the
dirt roads are regularly distraught by the tracks of the Vietnam car, the vehicle
the loggers in the area use.
Self-Determination and the
Ancestral Domain Claim With the increase of production and participation, the number of skilled IP
leaders in Biao also increased. With PASALI’s lobbying, their representatives now
have direct access to the LGUs in Palimbang. At recent local elections at the
barangay that overseas Biao included a representative of the IP community.
Furthermore, PASALI started mapping out Biao early this year, identifying key
ancestral cultural sites, to provide the data needed for the ancestral claim
which PASALI will assist the community with. The major of Palimbang has
promised the chief financial assistance when the time comes to file the claim.
Figure 2: PASALI began
mapping out the
ancestral area of the
Manobos in Biao, to
provide the necessary
data for their ancestral
claim.
EED-TFIP 6-Point Food
Security Agenda
1. Indigenous peoples
have the right to
determine their own
development.
Mindanao Peoples’
Peace Agenda
1. Recognize, respect
and fulfill the right to self-
determination of the
peoples of Mindanao,
including [..] the
ancestral domain and
tribal governance of the
Lumads,
12. Effectively address
the economic issues and
concerns, particularly
food security, export-
import policy, plantation
economy, and
commercialization.
UN Declaration on the
Rights of Indigenous
Peoples Article 21
1. Indigenous peoples
have the right, without
discrimination, to the
improvement of their
economic and social
conditions,
2. States shall take
effective measures to
ensure continuing
improvement of their
economic and social
conditions.
Article 23
Indigenous peoples have
the right to determine
and develop priorities
and strategies for
exercising their right
to development.
Article 29
1. Indigenous peoples
have the right to the
conservation and
protection of the
environment and the
productive
capacity of their lands or
territories and resources.
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8 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Easy access to water - Most of
areas where 21
Ram pumps
were installed
are upland
communities.
This technology
from AID
Foundation can
pump water
24/7 to
elevated areas
without fuel or
motor. Nature
itself propels the
water up. The
PASALI
technical
center is the
installation group in Mindanao. The size of ram pumps vary from 3/4 to 6
diameter. The commonly installed 1 diameter pump costs 17,000 pesos
excluding the installation cost. The water source determines the size of
pump to be used. The more water, the bigger size of pump can be
used. In fact, a six diameter pump can be used for irrigation purposes
upland. Surveys and studies for ram pump installation was already
conducted in Biao. Proposals were already made and submitted to
funding agencies but aren’t yet approved due to limited water source,
therefore, limited beneficiary.
Self-determination
(continued)
UN Declaration IP
Rights Article 26
1. Indigenous peoples
have the right to the
lands, territories and
resources which they
have traditionally
owned, occupied or
otherwise used or
acquired. 2.Indigenous
peoples have the right
to own, use, develop
and control the lands,
territories and
resources that
they possess .. 3. States
shall give legal
recognition and
protection to these
lands,
MDG 2.7c
Halve, by 2015, the
proportion of the
population without
sustainable access to
safe drinking water
and basic sanitation
(for more information
see the entry on water
supply)
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9 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Education and Literacy Education is a secondary need but Duma, the tribal chieftain of Biao
recognized its importance as they had experienced being swindled by
opportunists. In 2008, Children’s Desk assisted community members in their
application to the DSWD for a day care center and application to DepEd for a
school.
As Biao initiated its non formal education back in 2008, they eventually gained
the recognition of the Department of Education last 2011. The Biao Primary
school was annexed to an Elementary School in Kanipaan which is in lowland.
Last March, 10 Manobo honor students were recognized in the said elementary
for the first time. More children are encouraged to finish all the way to higher
education. This year, the government will hire and assign licensed teachers in
Biao and build a concrete classroom. Around 170 children are expected to
formally re-enroll in Grade I for academic year 2012-2013. Many communities were inspired by the progress of Biao. Actually Sitio Uloson, a
neighboring Manobo village initiated its own school and is asking assistance in
PASALI for its recognition.
Self-determination
(continued)
UN Declaration IP
Rights
Article 26.
(1) Everyone has the
right to education.
Education shall be
free, at least in the
elementary and
fundamental stages.
Elementary education
shall be compulsory.
MDG 2.7c
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10 PASALI Philippines Foundation PROFILE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE GROUPS
Indicators social change
UN HD goals
(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal
work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and
supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the
event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack
of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
EED-TFIP 6-Point Food
Security Agenda 6e.
Recognizing the role of
indigenous women as
co-stewards in ensuring
food and livelihood
security
5. Indigenous socio-
political systems are
essential to food
security
MDG 3: Promote
gender equality and
empower women
Mindanao Peoples’
Peace Agenda
1. Recognize, respect
and fulfill the right to self-
determination of the
peoples of Mindanao,
including [..] the
ancestral domain and
tribal governance of the
Lumads,
12. Effectively address
the economic issues and
concerns, particularly
food security, export-
import policy, plantation
economy, and
commercialization.