History of Contrast agents in medical imaging

Jalal Jalal Shokouhi-MD Jamejam and kourosh medical imaging centersjalaljalalshokouhi@hotmail.com www.medimage.irBehrouz Taheri-MD Arad hospital medical imaging center

• Teichmann`s paste a mixture of Ca++ and vermilion and vaseline used in cadavre amputated hand vessels by hadschek and lindenthal, plaster by morton and hammer

• Thorotrust the first contrast agent used in medicine• First classic medical contrast agent ,1927

Today is:99 years after the safe contrast agent in

medicine= sulfate barium and 114 years after X-ray discovery by W. C. Rontgen

(1895) in Wurzburg, Germany

I am talking aboutI am talking about

transparent human bodytransparent human body

Today we can see any part, inside of our body by natural contrast, density and artificial contrast agents

• Contrast medias had discovered before X-ray discovery = Co2, O2, Air, Nitrogen (as negative contrast agents)

• Positive contrast agentsoral: sulfate barium candidate (1895

sehrwald)GI-Barium studies: 1910 Berlin krause

By mid-1920s in Berlin: search for I.V contrast agents

By 1871 a green pharmacist, Ernst christian friedrich schering (1824-1889) founded a company in the north of Berlin

1925: systematic research under the direction of prof. Walter scholler

1930: the first urinary contrast media (uroselectan) is the father of renal contrast media (from anti inflamantory drug for cows and pigs)

Quickly, uroselectan changed to uroselectan-B with two iodine atoms

Almost 150 years ago in Berlin Green Pharmacy in 1871

By 1940 biliselection was used as an oral contrast agent for billiary system (O.C.G)

By early 1950s di-iodinated pyridine changed to tri-iodinated benzonic acid

1953 urographin is born and amidotriazoates served for angiography

By 1954 biligraphin is made accidentaly for billiary system during a research for urographin

By 1965-1968 non-ionic contrast agents are found (they truly began by amipaque in 1977)

1970 X-ray CT scan invented by sir N.G. Hansfield in England

1985 ultravist developed by schering and isovist a non-ionic, dimeric in 1987

Isovist was special for myelography but you can use ultravist 300 as well as Isovist

Gadolinium DTPA started in 1988 for MRI (magnevist)1991 echovist-300 is introducted for U.S studiesBy 1988 first new and non-ionic contrast agents used in

defense ministry hospital (omnipaque was the first non-ionic contrast agent used by early 1980 in Loghman hospital)

The basis of today`s water-soluble CM is the triiodinated benzene

By 2005 vasovist innovated for more detail visualization of the vessles (DSA, cardiac angiography, X-ray, CTA)

Future: target specific contrast agents, biomolocular imaging contrast medias and for optical mammography with application of fluorescent dye and laser light

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention