Post on 21-Apr-2018
12/7/2015
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Henry wanted Pope Clement VII to
annul his marriage to Catherine of
Aragon (Spanish); the real reasons
being because she was too old to
provide a male heir, and he now
wished to marry Anne Boleyn. The
pope would not grant it (1533) and so
Henry appointed a new archbishop of
Canterbury and declared himself head
of Church of England (1534). Act of Supremacy 1534
What did Henry do with the
Catholic Church’s property?
Closed the monasteries and sold
rich buildings and lands to his
subjects
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What friend of Henry VIII
remained loyal to the pope and
what was the result?
Sir Thomas More; Henry had him
beheaded
41.These events were the beginning
of what in England?Protestantism
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42. Why did some feel that the new
church “was not reformed
enough”?
Because it was merely a copy of
Catholicism
43.What idea was formed during
this time “which is still the
foundation of most Protestant
churches”?
That religion was solely a matter
between the individual and God
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44.Tudor King Henry VIII reigned
during what times and had how
many wives (name them)?
1509-1547; six wives: Catherine of
Aragon; Anne Boleyn; Jane
Seymour; Anne of Cleves;
Catherine Howard; Catherine Parr
45. How did a “jingle” summarize
“the fates of these unfortunate
women” :
Divorced, beheaded, died,
divorced, beheaded, survived
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46. What did Henry VIII create and
why was it important?
The Royal Navy; helped to spread
British political power, language,
and literature around the globe
47. Why does Henry VIII deserve
the title “Renaissance Man”?
He wrote poetry; played numerous
instruments; a champion athlete and hunter;
supported the new humanistic learning
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48. Henry VIII was survived by
how many children and what were
their names and who were their
mothers?
3; Mary (Catherine of Aragon);
Elizabeth (Anne Boleyn); Edward
(Jane Seymour)
49. According to the laws of
succession, what had to happen?
A son had to be crowned first
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50.Describe the rule of Henry,
Edward VI:
Crowned at age 9; 1547-1553; intelligent
but sickly; ruled in name only; died of TB
51. Describe Queen Mary and her
rule.
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1553-1558; Devout, strong-willed
Catholic determined to avenge the
wrongs done to her mother; restored
pope’s power; ruthlessly hunted down
Protestants; Lost support of her people
for burning 300 subjects at the stake
and marrying Philip II, king of Spain.
Was nicknamed “Bloody Mary’ for
executions. Died of fever; childless.
52.What was the reign of Queen
Elizabeth I?
1558-1603
53. Why was “her first task” to
“restore law and order”?
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The kingdom was torn by fierce
religious feuds. 54. How did she do the above?
She reestablished the Church of England;
rejected pope’s authority who then
excommunicated her; she pretended that
she might marry widowed brother-in-law
King Philip of Spain
55. By resisting marriage for her
entire life, she “officially
remained” what and what is that
title’s significance to the United
States?
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“Virgin Queen”; colony/state of Virginia
56. Elizabeth “knew that her
strength lay” where?
In her independence and ability to
play one suitor off against the other
57. Who “initiated” several plots
against her?
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Mary Queen of Scots;
her cousin and heir to the throne58.Describe the events leading up
to Mary’s eventual end and what
that end was.
Deposed from her throne for being
Catholic; put under house arrest in
royal exile; carefully watched by
Elizabeth who after putting up with
her for 20 years eventually sent to
the chopping block.
Then she, lying very still upon the block, one of the executioners holding her slightly with one of his hands, she endured two strokes of the other executioner with an axe, she making very small noise or none at all, and not stirring any part of her from the place where she lay: and so the executioner cut off her head, saving
one little gristle, which being cut asunder, he lift up her head to the view of all the assembly and bade God
save the Queen…her face in a moment being so much altered from the form she had when she was alive, as few could remember her by her dead face. Her lips
stirred up and down a quarter of an hour after her head was cut off.
—Robert Wynkfielde, eyewitness to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots (1587)
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59. Describe the events involving
the Spanish Armada.
King Philip of Spain uses Mary’s
execution as an excuse to invade
England; vast fleet of ships Spanish
Armada; England’s Royal Navy with
the help of nasty weather in the Irish
Sea defeats the armada; assured
England and all of northern Europe’s
from powerful Catholic Mediterranean
countries; Elizabeth’s finest moment.
Protestant Wind:
'He blew with His winds, and they
were scattered'.
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60.Why was the defeat of the
Spanish Armada such “a great
turning point in history”?
All of north America might be
speaking Spanish like South
America
61.What brought on the “flood” of
English literature after the defeat of
the Spanish Armada?
Firmly established religious and
national identity; adoration of
Elizabeth
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62.Describe King James I and his
reign.
1603- 1625; Second cousin of
Elizabeth; was opposite of Elizabeth in
many ways; was essentially a foreigner
when Elizabeth was a complete
Englishwoman; tried hard: wrote books
and patronized Shakespeare; sponsored
new translation of the bible; admirable
and a benevolent, peaceful ruler;
relationship with many subjects bad
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63. Describe King Charles I and his
reign.
1625-1649; James’ son; remote,
autocratic, and self-destructive; beheaded
by powerful subjects in 1649
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64.Who ruled England for eleven
years after the death of Charles I?
Parliament and the Puritan dictator
Oliver Cromwell
65. Why did the Renaissance in
England essentially end?
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Renaissance values gradually
eroded and the energies gradually
gave out.
Elizabethan Life
• High Society. Society began to form along new lines in the Tudor years. If feudal England was an age of community, Tudor England was one of individuality. Nobility and knights were still at the top of the social ladder, but the real growth in society was in the merchant class.
• Nobles old and new. Within the nobility there was a distinction between old families and new. Most old noble families were Catholic, and most new noble families were Protestant. The upper classes were exempt from the new oaths of allegiance to the Church of England, and many Catholic families maintained private chaplains.
• The new merchant class. The Tudor era saw the rise of modern commerce with cloth and weaving leading the way to an emerging and prosperous merchant class.
• The prosperity of the wool trade led to a surge in building in the active wool areas. The importance of the wool trade in late medieval and Tudor England cannot be overstated. Witness the inscription carved on a monument in a “wool church”: "I thank God and ever shall, it was the sheep that payed for all".
http://www.britainexpress.com/
History/Elizabethan_life.htm
1485 to 1603
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*Women were taught from birth they were inferior to men.
The concept of female inferiority predates Christianity. But
Medieval and Renaissance society was shaped by the Church
in ways that Westerners find hard to fathom nowadays. And
the Church was shaped by Paul's teachings.
*Women were taught, and believed, they were instruments
of the devil. Females were the authors of original sin who
lured men away from God and salvation.
*Women were the only imperfection in God's creation.
*"Woman in her greatest perfection was made to serve and
obey man", John Knox, First Blast of the Trumpet against
Monstrous Regiment of Women, 1558
http://tudors.crispen.org/tudor_women/
*Young girls were given hardly any personal freedom.
*Religion was at the very center of life in Tudor England. And
girls were raised to obey their parents without question.
*Girls were taught their only function in life was to marry and
bear children.
*They learned they were commanded by God to render
unquestioning obedience to their husband and to learn in
silence from him in all subjection, the same way they behaved
at home to their parents.
*Upper-class women tended to stay at home, or, if they were members of a royal household, at the court.
*They spent much of their time supervising the household staff and overseeing their children's education.
*They left home only to visit the market or to attend religious or civic events, and only in the company of others.
*Middle-Class women played roles in some of the emerging professional occupations, such as tending shops or performing craft work like sewing and weaving; however, their main responsibility remained within the home.
*Like most poor, poor women worked either as servants or farm laborers.
http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/rens_02/rens_02_00136.html
• Men of the noble classes spent their time at court or managing their estates.
• During wartime, military campaigns often kept them away from home for long periods .
• Those who lived in cities and towns sometimes engaged in business activities.
• Upper-class men also dominated politics and public affairs.
Men During the Renaissance
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• Middle- and lower-class individuals spent much of their time working in various professions such as lawyers, doctors, merchants, artisans, and shopkeepers.– (Women played roles in some of these
occupations, such as tending shops or performing craft work like sewing and weaving)
• The poor often worked as farm laborers or as servants, jobs common to both men and women.
http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/rens_02/rens_02_00136.html
• The Queen was not above the law, but had to act in accordance with it
• No law could be passed without her consent
• She could decide the religion of the country, decide when parliament was going to sit and what they could discuss, decide when and if the country was going to go to war, make decisions about education, the welfare of her people, even what food her people could eat and the clothes they were to wear
• Everyone in the country had to obey her. Not to obey her was against the law, and could be treason, for which the penalty was death.
• Elizabeth governed the country with the help of two very important institutions. The Privy Council, and its daughter bodies the Council of the Marches and the Council of the North, and Parliament.
• The main function of Parliament was to pass laws and grant the Queen money when she needed it
• The Queen could make laws without Parliament's consent, in what were called ROYAL PROCLAMATIONS
• Tudor monarchs tended only to summon Parliament for major governmental reforms or for money, and money was the main reason that Elizabeth summoned hers
http://www.elizabethi.org/us/power/