Hardware and Hardware and Operating Operating SystemsSystems

Week 8Week 8

Computer Computer Language and Language and

FunctionsFunctions

VocabularyVocabulary

VideoVideoPlease listen to the video in the Please listen to the video in the following slide for an explanation of following slide for an explanation of SWITCHES and the BINARY SYSTEMSWITCHES and the BINARY SYSTEM

Bill Nye the Bill Nye the Science Guy- Science Guy- ComputersComputers

Computer Computer LanguageLanguage

To represent information, computers use To represent information, computers use combinations of just two numbers: 0 and combinations of just two numbers: 0 and 1. We know this as the 1. We know this as the Binary System.Binary System.

The smallest unit of information that a The smallest unit of information that a computer can store (a 0 or a 1) is called a computer can store (a 0 or a 1) is called a bit.bit. A bit can also be represented by the A bit can also be represented by the lower case lower case bb..

Eight bits together form a Eight bits together form a bytebyte. A byte . A byte can also be represented by the upper can also be represented by the upper case case BB..

Computer Computer LanguageLanguage

Unit Symbol Equivalent

Unit Symbol Equivalent

Kibibyte KiB 1024 bytes

Kilobyte kB 1000 bytes

Mebibyte MiB 1024 KiB Megabyte

MB 1000 kB

Gibibyte GiB 1024 MiB Gigabyte GB 1000 MB

Tebibyte TiB 1024 GiB Terabyte TB 1000 GB

Computer Computer LanguageLanguage

ASCII is used to store the different symbols ASCII is used to store the different symbols and letters of the alphabet.and letters of the alphabet.

ASCII stands for ASCII stands for AAmerican merican SStandard tandard CCode ode for for IInformation nformation IInterchange.nterchange.

A binary code of eight digits using only 0 or A binary code of eight digits using only 0 or 1 is used to represent letters or symbols.1 is used to represent letters or symbols.

Example of ASCIIExample of ASCIIBinary Value Binary Value

00100100 & 01000001 A

00101011 + 01000010 B

00101101 - 01000011 C

00111101 = 01000100 D

Computer Computer LanguageLanguage

Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions

HardwareHardware is the physical parts of the is the physical parts of the computer.computer.

Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions

SoftwareSoftware or or programsprograms is the is the datadata and and instructions used to manage the data.instructions used to manage the data.

Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions

Computers carry out four different Computers carry out four different functionsfunctions

Data Data inputinput and and outputoutput by means of by means of peripheral devicesperipheral devices

Data Data storagestorage in in storage devicesstorage devices

ProcessingProcessing in the central processing unit, in the central processing unit, made up of the made up of the microprocessormicroprocessor and the and the memorymemory..

Computer Computer FunctionsFunctions

Input Devices

Input Devices

Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Output DevicesOutput Devices

Central Processing

Unit

Central Processing

Unit

MemoryMemory

Input DevicesInput Devices

Output DevicesOutput Devices

Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Central Central Processing UnitProcessing Unit

The central processing unit (CPU) is the The central processing unit (CPU) is the hardware that carries out the hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer programinstructions of a computer program

All modern CPUs are microprocessors- All modern CPUs are microprocessors- meaning contained on a single chipmeaning contained on a single chip

MemoryMemoryMemoryMemory are the physical devices used are the physical devices used to store data or programs on a to store data or programs on a temporary or permanent basistemporary or permanent basis

Decide if the listed devices are Decide if the listed devices are input or output devicesinput or output devices

Computer Computer ElementsElements

VocabularyVocabulary

Computer Computer ElementsElements

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor is an integrated circuit made up is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working togetherof millions of tiny transistors working together

Clock rateClock rate sets the pace of work. Every time the sets the pace of work. Every time the microprocessor receives an impulse, it carries microprocessor receives an impulse, it carries out an operationout an operation

RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory)- is the computers - is the computers main memorymain memory

Cache memory-Cache memory- is faster than RAM, and is found is faster than RAM, and is found in between the RAM and the Microprocessor.in between the RAM and the Microprocessor.

ROM BIOS-ROM BIOS- automatically runs an initial check on automatically runs an initial check on the systemthe system

Computer Computer ElementsElements

There are three types of storage There are three types of storage devicesdevices

Magnetic: hard disk, external hard diskMagnetic: hard disk, external hard disk

Optical: CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray DiscOptical: CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc

Solid-state: pen drives and memory cardsSolid-state: pen drives and memory cards