ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS of MEDICINE

M.RAJESWARI.ASST.PROFESSOR,ACON,HYD.

Alternative system of medicine…

Definition…Alternative medicine are interventions that differ from the traditional or conventional biomedical treatment of disease.

Its an intervention that is used instead of conventional medicine.

INTRODUCTION…

BEFORE INDEPENDENT:GOI – traditional system of medicine

(ayurveda, siddha & unani)

- non drug therapies (yoga & naturopathy)

After independent…

• After 1947 GOI recognized merits of CAM.• WHO – health for all (ASU)• 1995 under ministry of health & family

welfare• separate dept of Indian System of Medicine

&Homeopathy

TYPES OF POPULAR HEALTH ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF

MEDICINE

CLASSIFICATIONS….

• According to National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM):Biologically based methods.Energy medicine systems.Manipulative & body based practices.Mind body medicine systems.Whole body medical systems

1.BIOLOGICALLY BASED METHODS

• HERBAL MEDICINE• DIET & NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS.• Biologically based practices use substances

found in nature such as herbs, foods, vitamins, and other natural substances

2.ENERGY MEDICINE SYSTEMS..

• ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELDS• QIGONG• THERAPEUTIC TOUCH– Biofield therapies are intended to influence energy fields

that purportedly surround and penetrate the body. – Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies use verifiable

electromagnetic fields, such as pulsed fields, alternating-current or direct-current fields in an unconventional manner. [

3.MANIPULATIVE &BODY BASED PRACTICES..

• ACU-PUNCTURE• CHIROPRACTIC• AROMA THERAPY• MASSAGE THERAPY• MIND BODY MEDICAL SYSTEM• Manipulative and body-based practices feature

manipulation or movement of body parts, such as is done in chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation

MIND BODY MEDICAL SYSTEM

• BIO-FEEDBACK• HYPNOSIS• TAI-CHI• YOGA• Mind-body medicine takes a holistic approach to

health that explores the interconnection between the mind, body, and spirit. It works under the premise that the mind can affect "bodily functions and symptoms

WHOLE BODY MEDICAL SYSTEM…

• HOMEOPATHY• TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE

Nutritional therapy Massage Meditation Herbal treatment Physical exercise Acupuncture

AYURVEDA

Ayurveda…

Traditional Hindu system of medicine.

Practiced in India since 1st centaury AD

BODY MATRIX:

3 humors:vada

pitta

kapha

AYURVEDA –body matrix contd…

7 basic tissues: rasa

rakta

mansa

meda

asthi

majja

shukra

Body matrix contd…

Waste products of the body: feces, urine & sweat.

The growth & decay of this body matrix comprises hum ours, tissues, &wastes.Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation & metabolism of food interplay in health & disease.Its affected by psychological mechanism as well as bio-fire (agni)

Ayurveda – panchaphutas…

All objects including human body composed of earth, water, fire, air & vacuum.There is a balanced condensation of these elements in different proportions to meet the needs of body matrix.Growth & development of body matrix depends on its nutrition (food).The food composed of 5 elements which nourish the body after the action of biofire.

Ayurveda – health & sickness….

Health & sickness- depends on presence or absence of balanced state of total body matrix.Both intrinsic & extrinsic factors can cause disturbance in natural equilibrium leads to disease.Cause of loss of equilibrium: Irregular Diet, undesirable habits, seasonal abnormalities, & improper exercise, incompatible action of body & mind

Ayurveda – diagnosis …

General physical examination.

Pulse examination

Urine examination.

Examine skin, ear, tongue, eyes including tactile & auditory functions.

Examination of feces.

AYURVEDA TREATMENT

Ayurveda - treatment

i. Regulating the diet & activity.ii. Correcting life routine & behavior .iii. Administration if drugs.iv. Restoring to preventive panchakarma.v. Rasayana therapy.vi. Purification treatment.vii. Palliative treatmentviii. Psychotherapy ix. Avoidance of disease causative factor

TREATMENT CONTD….

1.Palliative treatment

Shamana Therapy: Elimination of vitiated (humors) doshas

• (digestive, creation of hunger or thirst, exercise and sun rays, fresh air, appetizer)

2. PURIFICATION TREATMENT

2.Shodhana Therapy: Aim: removal of causative factors of somatic

psychosomatic disease. It is by - panchakarma

emesis , purgation, blood letting, enema

3.Prescription of diet & activities…

3.pathyavyavastha:• Its indications & contraindications in diet,

activity, habits & emotional status.• Emphasis on dos & don'ts of diet to stimulate

agni & optimize digestion & assimilation of food to strength of tissues

4.Avoidance of disease causing & aggravating factors…

4.Nidan parivarjan:• This is to avoid the known disease causing

factors in diet & life style of the patient.• It stress to refrain from precipitating &

aggravating disease factors.

5.Psycho therapy….

5.Satvavajaya :• Concern with mental disturbances.• Refraining the mind from diseases.• Cultivation of courage, memory &

concentration.

6.USE OF IMMUNOMODULATORS…

Rasayana therapy:Deals with strength & vitalityIntegrity of body matrix, Immunity against diseases.Promotion of memory, intelligence.Preservation of youths

SIDDHA MEDICINE

SIDDHA MEDICINE….

Oldest medicine in India.Meaning – achievement.18 siddhars were formulated therapy from nature.

CONCEPT:Believe 5 basic elements, humors, its disturbance leads to disease condition.Human body is the replica of the universe

MATERIA MEDICA…

SIDDHA SYSTEM has developed a rich & unique treasure of drug knowledge by use of metals &minerals.

25 varieties of water soluble inorganic compounds called UPPU. (alkali &salts.)

64 varieties of mineral drugs insoluble in water but vapors when put in fire.

32 of these are natural & 32 are artificial.

Materia medica contd..

System has classified into metals & alloys which melt when heated & solidifies when cooled

They are silver copper iron gold lead

These are incinerated in special process & used in medicine.

ALCHEMY….

Chemistry had found well developed in to science auxiliary to medicine & alchemy.Process of alchemical operation: Calcinations SublimationsDistillation...Fusion…….Seperation..ConjunctionCombinationFermentationExaltation…Citation…..

Siddha contd…

Disease treated:All types of disease other than emergencies.All types of skin problem –

psoriasis, STD, UTI,

disease of liver, & GI tract, general disability,

postpartum anemia, diarrhea & general fever, allergic disorder, arthritis.

Diagnosis in siddha medicine

Identification of the cause,

Examination of pulse,

urine,

tongue,

colour of the body

& digestive system.

Care of women's health….

Siddha strongly advocate breast feeding.It believes in food itself in medicine.Nursing & lactating mothers are advised iron, protein & fiber rich diet to prevent nutritional disorders.Once in 15 days mothers are advised to take deworming .It also treat menopausal syndromes especially problem with hormonal imbalance.

NATUROPATHY

3. Naturopathy…

Concepts of disease causation:

Accumulation of morbid matter.

Lowered vitality.

Abnormal composition of blood & lymph.

Principles of naturopathy….

All disease, their cause, & their treatment are one.

The basic cause of disease is not bacteria. (accumulation of morbid matter….)

Acute diseases are our friends not the enemies.

Chronic disease are the out comeof wrong treatment & suppression of acute disease.

Nature is the greatest healer.

In naturopathy patient is treated not the disease.

Naturopathy principles contd…

Diagnosis is easily possible. No need for long waiting.Chronic ailments are also treated successfully.After emerging suppressed disease are also can be treated.Nature cure treats physical, mental, social & spiritual simultaneously.Nature cure treats body as a whole instead of giving treatment to each organ separately.It does not use medicines “food in medicine.

Diagnostic methods in naturopathy…

Facial diagnosis/

Iris diagnosis.

Modern clinical diagnosis.

Treatment methods in naturopathy…..

Air therapyAir therapy

Massage therapyMassage therapyMud therapyMud therapy

Space therapySpace therapy Fire therapyFire therapy

Watertherapy

Watertherapy

Food therapyFood therapy

Homeopathy…

Its based on main law :Similia, similibus, cureatus – similars are similar.

Disease cause:Disturbance in vital force leads disease.Living against nature.Improper diet.Day to-day life stress.

Homeopathy principles….

Similar symptoms cure a disease expressing with similar symptoms.Any particular symptom in its substance form in the human body produces a set of symptoms in the human body.To get rid off the same sets of symptoms of a diseased individual when given in a refined/ defined form.It does not only relief symptoms but to total eradication of disease

Preparation of homeopathy medicine….

Any herb is stored in extra natural alcohol for a period of time (3wks).

The portion is drained out – “mother tincture”.

A drop of mother tincture in 99 drops of alcohol & shaken10 times which becomes 1st potency of homeopathy medicine.

1st potency is mixed with 99 drops of alcohol & shaken it.

This is secondary potency of homeopathy medicine.

Classification of remedies….

Currently 3000 remedies documented for human illness.Remedies are 5 types:

Specific remedies…… constitutional remedies Singular remedies…… Poly chrest remedies…. Combination remedies..

Homeopathy contd….

Main aim: Revitalize the injured vital force No side effects of the medicine in human organism.

Treatment without surgeries:Sinusitis, tonsillitis,

hemorrhoids, renal calculi,

fissure & fistula in ano,

disc prolapse

YOGA THERAPY

YOGA…

• Yoga is a science of holistic living “yuj” means to unite or integrate total initiations of physical ,mental ,intellectual and spiritual aspects of human personality .

• It aims at the harmonious development of body mind and soul.

UNANI MEDICINE

UNANI

• According to the principles and philosophy of Unani Medicine, disease is a natural process,

• Its symptoms are the reactions of the body to the disease, and the chief function of the physician is to aid the natural forces of the body.

• Unani Medicine is basically based on Humoral theory.

DIET THERAPIES

DIET THERAPIES…

1,GERSON THERAPY• The Gerson Therapy is a powerful, natural

treatment that activates the body's own healing mechanism through consuming organic vegetarian foods and juices, detoxification and natural supplements

2.KELLY REGIMEN

• The Kelley regimen is a metabolic therapy that became one of the most well-known alternative cancer treatments in the 1970s.

• It was developed in the early 1960s by an orthodontist, William Kelley

• The Kelley regimen includes drinking juices, receiving coffee enemas, and taking nutritional supplements such as pancreatic enzymes.

3.KETOGENIC DIET

• The ketogenic diet is a high fat, adequate protein, low carbohydrate diet, primarily used to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children

4. MACROBIOTIC DIET

• is a dietary regimen that involves eating grains as a staple food supplemented with other foodstuffs such as vegetables and beans, and avoiding the use of highly processed or refined foods

HERBAL MEDICINE

HERBAL THERAPIES

• Chinese herbs are used specially as antiviral and energy immune boosters, to support the stressed organs during chemotherapy and pain caused by radiation therapy.

MANUAL HEALING THERAPIES

1.ACUPUNCTURE

ACUPUNCTURE

• The term "acupuncture" describes a family of procedures involving the stimulation of anatomical points on the body using a variety of techniques.

• The acupuncture technique that has been most often studied scientifically involves penetrating the skin with thin, solid, metallic needles that are manipulated by the hands or by electrical stimulation.

BIO-BEHAVIOURAL THERAPIES

1.BIO-FEEDBACK

• Biofeedback is a non-invasive form of treatment.

• The therapist attaches sensors or electrodes to the body and these sensors provide a variety of readings-

2.IMAGERY

• To make the mind, thought from distance of stress, pain, tension & diversion

2.MUSIC THERAPY

• TO DIVERT THE CLIENTS MIND FROM PAIN.

3.YOGA

4.RELAXATION THERAPY

• Relaxation from tension, stress, mental discomfort

OTHER THERAPIES

AROMA THERAPY

1.AROMA THERAPIES

• The modes of application of aromatherapy include:• Aerial diffusion: for environmental fragrancing or

aerial disinfection • Direct inhalation: for respiratory disinfection,

decongestion, expectoration as well as psychological effects

• Topical applications: for general massage, baths, compresses, therapeutic skin care

2. ART THERAPY

• Art therapy is a form of expressive therapy that uses art materials, such as paints, chalk and markers.

HYDRO-THERAPY

3.HYDRO THERAPY

• It's the generic term for water therapies using jets, underwater massage and mineral baths (e.g. balneotherapy, Iodine-Grine therapy, Kneipp treatments, Scotch hose, Swiss shower, thalassotherapy) and others.

• It also can mean a whirlpool bath, hot Roman pool, hot tub, Jacuzzi, cold plunge and mineral bath

4.REFLEXOLOGY

• In reflexology areas of the foot are believed to correspond to the organs or structures of the body

HYPNOTHERAPY