Giai Chi Tiet de Thi Thpt Quoc Gia 2015 Mon Hoa Hoc Thay Do Cong Binh

Post on 03-Sep-2015

262 views 2 download

description

bài giải chi tiết đề thi quốc gia 2015 môn hóa

Transcript of Giai Chi Tiet de Thi Thpt Quoc Gia 2015 Mon Hoa Hoc Thay Do Cong Binh

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    GIICHITITTHITHPTQUCGIANM2015Mnthi:HAHC

    Cu1:Phnngnosauykhngphilphnngoxihakh?A.CaCO3

    0t CaO+CO2. B.2KClO30t 2KCl+3O2.

    C.2NaOH+Cl2 NaCl+NaClO+H2O. D.4Fe(OH)2+O20t 2Fe2O3+4H2O.

    Gi: PhnngAkhngcsthayisoxiha.

    Cu2:CuhnhelectroncanguyntnguyntXl1s22s22p63s23p1.ShiunguyntcaXlA.14. B.15. C.13. D.27.

    Gi: Z=E=13

    Cu3:Luhunhtrongchtnosauyvactnhoxiha,vactnhkh?A.Na2SO4. B.H2SO4. C.SO2. D.H2S.

    Gi: CcchtNa2SO4,H2SO4soxihacaSl+6nnchctnhoxihaH2SsoxihacaSl2nnchctnhkhSO2soxihacaSl+4nnvactnhoxihavactnhkh.

    Cu4:Trongccionsauy,ionnoctnhoxihamnhnht?

    A.Ca2+. B.Ag+. C.Cu2+. D.Zn2+.Gi: Tnhoxiha:Ca2+

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    SthnghimxyraphnnglA.3. B.4. C.2. D.1.

    Gi: H2S+Pb(NO3)2 PbS +HNO3CaO+H2O Ca(OH)2Na2CO3+CH3COOH CH3COONa+CO2+H2OCl2+Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2+H2O

    Cu11:iukinthng,kimloinosauykhngphnngvinc?A.K. B.Na. C.Ba. D.Be.

    Gi: iukinthngthBa,K,NauphnngvinccnBethkhng.Cu12:tchyhontonmgamFetrongkhCl2d,thuc6,5gamFeCl3.Gitrcaml

    A.2,24. B.2,80. C.1,12. D.0,56.Gi: mFe=56*6,5/162,5=2,24(gam).

    Cu13:Hatanhonton6,5gamZnbngdungdchH2SO4long,thucVltH2(ktc).GitrcaVl

    A.2,24. B.3,36. C.1,12. D.4,48.Gi: V=VH2=22,4*6,5/65=2,24(lit).

    Cu14:Khhonton4,8gamFe2O3bngCOdnhitcao.Khi lngFe thucsauphnngl

    A.3,36gam. B.2,52gam. C.1,68gam. D.1,44gam.Gi: mFe=56*2*4,8/160=3,36(gam).

    Cu15:Cho0,5gammtkimloihatrIIphnnghtvidungdchHCld,thuc0,28ltH2(ktc).Kimloil

    A.Ba. B.Mg. C.Ca. D.Sr.Gi: Botonetac:2*0,5/M=2*0,28/22,4 M=40(Ca).

    Cu16:ChtboltriestecaaxitboviA.ancoletylic. B.ancolmetylic. C.etylenglicol. D.glixerol.

    Gi: Chtboltriestecaaxitboviglixerol.

    Cu17:Khthinnhincdnglmnhinliuvnguynliuchoccnhmysnxutin,s,m,ancolmetylic,Thnhphnchnhcakhthinnhinlmetan.Cngthcphntcametanl

    A.CH4. B.C2H4. C.C2H2. D.C6H6.

    Cu18:Xphnghahonton3,7gamHCOOC2H5bngmtlngdungdchNaOHva.Ccndungdchsauphnng,thucmgammuikhan.Gitrcaml

    A.5,2. B.3,4. C.3,2. D.4,8.Gi: HCOONacm=68*3,7/74=3,4(gam).

    Cu19:Choccphtbiusau:(a)nhitthng,Cu(OH)2tanctrongdungdchglixerol.(b)nhitthng,C2H4phnngcvincbrom.(c)tchyhontonCH3COOCH3thucsmolCO2bngsmolH2O.(d)Glyxin(H2NCH2COOH)phnngcvidungdchNaOH.SphtbiunglA.3. B.4. C.1. D.2.

    Gi: nhitthng,Cu(OH)2tanctrongddglixerolvglixerolc3nhmOHlinknhitthng,C2H4phnngcvincbromvC2H4clinktpi

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    tchyhontonCH3COOCH3thucsmolCO2bngsmolH2OvCH3COOCH3lestenonchc

    Glyxin(H2NCH2COOH)phnngcviddNaOHvGlyxinchanhmCOOH.

    Cu20:Chtnosauythucloiaminbtmt?A.CH3NHCH3. B.(CH3)3N. C.CH3NH2. D.CH3CH2NHCH3.

    Gi: CH3NHCH3vCH3CH2NHCH3lccaminbc2(CH3)3Nlaminbc3CH3NH2laminbc1.

    Cu21:AminoaxitXtrongphntcmtnhmNH2vmtnhmCOOH.Cho26,7gamXphnngvilngddungdchHCl,thucdungdchcha37,65gammui.CngthccaXl

    A.H2N[CH2]4COOH. B.H2N[CH2]2COOH.C.H2N[CH2]3COOH. D.H2NCH2COOH.

    Gi: nX=nHCl=(37,6526,7)/36,5=0,3(mol) MX=26,7/0,3=89(gam) ChnB.

    Cu22:Trongccchtsauy,chtnocnhitsicaonht?A.CH3CHO. B.CH3CH3. C.CH3COOH. D.CH3CH2OH.

    Gi: Nhitsi:CH3CH3

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    60gam 88gam3gam xgamHiusutphnng:2,2*100/x=50%.

    Cu29:Chtnosauykhngthyphntrongmitrngaxit?A.Xenluloz. B.Saccaroz. C.Tinhbt. D.Glucoz.

    Gi: GlucozlmonosaccaritnnkhngbthyphnXenluloz,tinhbtlpolisaccaritnnbthyphnSaccarozlisaccaritnnbthyphn.

    Cu30:Phtbiunosauysai?A.Stctronghemoglobin(huytcut)camu.B.Phnchuacdnglmtrongncc.C.Trongtnhin,cckimloikimchtntidngncht.D.Hpkimlitinhmsiunh,cdngtrongkthuthngkhng.

    Gi: Kimloikimhotngmnhnntrongtnhinkhngtntidngkimloitdo(ncht)mtntidnghpcht.

    Cu31:Tinhnhccthnghimsauiukinthng:(a)Sckh 2SO vodungdchH2S(b)SckhF2vonc(c)ChoKMnO4vodungdchHClc(d)SckhCO2vodungdchNaOH(e)ChoSivodungdchNaOH(g)ChoNa2SO3vodungdchH2SO4SthnghimcsinhranchtlA.6 B.3 C.5 D.4

    Gi: a.SO2+H2S S+H2Ob.F2+H2O HF+O2c.KMnO4+HCl KCl+MnCl2+Cl2+H2Od.CO2+NaOH Na2CO3+H2O(NaHCO3)e.Si+NaOH+H2O Na2SiO3+H2g.Na2SO3+H2SO4 Na2SO4+SO2+H2O

    Cu32:Hatan1,12gamFebng300mldungdchHCl0,2M,thucdungdchXvkhH2.ChodungdchAgNO3dvoX,thuckhNO(snphmkhduynhtcaN+5)vmgamktta.Bitccphnngxyrahonton.Gitrcaml

    A.10,23 B.8,61 C.7,36 D.9,15Gi: nFe=0,02molnHCl=0,06mol

    Fe+2HCl FeCl2+H20,020,040,020,02(mol)DungdchXcha:Fe2+(0,02mol)H+d(0,02mol)Cl(0,06mol)ChoAgNO3dvoddXth:3Fe2++4H++NO3 3Fe3++NO+2H2O0,015 0,02Fe2++Ag+ Fe3++Ag0,005 0,005(mol)Ag++Cl AgCl0,060,06(mol)Suyra:m=mAg+mAgCl=0,005*108+0,06*143,5=9,15gam.

    Cu33:AminoaxitXchamtnhmNH2vmtnhmCOOHtrongphnt.YlestecaXviancolncht,MY=89.CngthccaX,Ylnltl

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    A.H2N[CH2]2COOH,H2N[CH2]2COOCH3.B.H2N[CH2]2COOH,H2N[CH2]2COOC2H5.C.H2NCH2COOH,H2NCH2COOC2H5.D.H2NCH2COOH,H2NCH2COOCH3.

    Gi: XlH2NRCOOH YlH2NRCOORMY=R+R+60=89 R+R=29 R=14vR=15Suyra:XlH2NCH2COOHYlH2NCH2COOCH3.

    Cu34:Bngdiyghilihintngkhilmthnghimviccchtsaudngdungdchnc:X,Y,Z,TvQ

    ChtThucth

    X Y Z T Q

    Qutm khngimu

    khngimu

    khngimu

    khngimu

    khngimu

    Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, unnh

    khngcktta

    Ag khngcktta

    khngcktta

    Ag

    Cu(OH)2,lcnh Cu(OH)2khngtan

    dungdchxanhlam

    dungdchxanhlam

    Cu(OH)2khngtan

    Cu(OH)2khngtan

    Ncbrom kttatrng

    khngcktta

    khngcktta

    khngcktta

    khngcktta

    CcchtX,Y,Z,TvQlnltlA.Glixerol,glucoz,etylenglicol,metanol,axetanehitB.Phenol,glucoz,glixerol,etanol,anehitfomicC.Anilin,glucoz,glixerol,anehitfomic,metanolD.Fructoz,glucoz,axetanehit,etanol,anehitfomic

    Gi: Xtokttatrngviddbrom XlPhenolhocAnilin LoiA,DQtcdngviddAgNO3/NH3,unnhthucAg QlanehitfomicVychnB.

    Cu35:Tinhnhccthnghimsau:(a)ChoMgvodungdchFe2(SO4)3d(b)SckhCl2vodungdchFeCl2(c)DnkhH2dquabtCuOnungnng(d)ChoNavodungdchCuSO4d(e)NhitphnAgNO3(g)tFeS2trongkhngkh(h)inphndungdchCuSO4viincctrSaukhiktthcccphnng,sthnghimthuckimloilA.3 B.2 C.4 D.5

    Gi: a.Mg+Fe2(SO4)3 MgSO4+FeSO4b.Cl2+FeCl2 FeCl3c.H2+CuO Cu+H2Od.Na+H2O NaOH+H2vNaOH+CuSO4 Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2e.AgNO3 Ag+NO2+O2g.FeS2+O2 Fe2O3+SO2h.CuSO4+H2O Cu+H2SO4+O2Vyccphnngthuckimloil:c,e,h.

    Cu36:HnhpXgm2hirocacbonmchh,cthlankan,anken,ankin,ankadien.tchyhontonmtlngX,thucCO2vH2Ocsmolbngnhau,Xkhngthgm

    A.ankanvankin B.ankanvankaien C.haianken D.ankanvankenGi: tAnkan:CnH2n+2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O nCO2

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    tAnkinhocAnkaien:CnH2n2 nCO2+(n1)H2O nCO2>nH2ODokhitchyhontonhnhpX,thucCO2vH2OcsmolbngnhauthXkhngthgmankanvanken(vnhththnCO2

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    Cu40:HnhpXgmCaC2xmolvAl4C3ymol.ChomtlngnhXvoH2Ortd,thucdungdchY,hnhpkhZ(C2H2,CH4)vagamkttaAl(OH)3.tchyhtZ,richotonbsnphmvoYc2agamktta.Bitccphnnguxyrahonton.Tlx:ybng

    A.3:2 B.4:3 C.1:2 D.5:6Gi: *TN1:

    CaC2 Ca(OH)2+C2H22CO2xxx 2x(mol)Al4C3 4Al(OH)3 +3CH43CO2y4y3y3y(mol)Al(OH)3+OH AlO2+2H2O2x2x2x(mol)Suyra:a=78*(4y2x)gam (*)*TN2:CO2+H2O+AlO2 Al(OH)32x 2x 2x(mol)Suyra:2a=78*2x(gam)haya=78x (2*)T(*),(2*)tac:78x=78(4y2x) x:y=4:3.

    Cu41:HnhpXgm2chtccngthcphntlC3H12N2O3vC2H8N2O3.Cho3,40gamXphnngvavidungdchNaOH(unnng),thucdungdchYchgmccchtvcv0,04molhnhp2chthucnchc(ulmxanhgiyqutmm).CcnY,thucmgammuikhan.Gitrcaml

    A.3,12 B.2,76 C.3,36 D.2,97Gi: C2H5NH3NO3 C2H5NH2+NaNO3

    x xx(mol)(CH3NH3)2CO3 2CH3NH2+Na2CO3y2yy(mol)Tac:108x+124y=3,4(g)vx+2y=0,04(mol) x=0,02(mol)y=0,01(mol)Suyra:m=mNaNO3+mNa2CO3=0,02*85+0,01*106=2,76(gam).

    Cu42:HnhpTgmhaiancolnchclXvY(Mx

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    Cu43:HnhpXgmhaichthucno,mchh(uchaC,H,O),trongphntmichtchainhmchctrongsccnhmOH,CHO,COOH.ChomgamXphnnghontonvilngddungdchAgNO3trongNH3,thuc4,05gamAgv1,86gammtmuiamonihuc.ChotonblngmuiamonihucnyvodungdchNaOH(d,unnng),thuc0,02molNH3.Gitrcaml

    A.1,24 B.2,98 C.1,22 D.1,50Gi: nAg=0,0375(mol)

    XtcdngviddAgNO3/NH3thuc1muiamonihuc:RCOONH4:0,02mol(bngsmolkhNH3sinhra)Suyra:RCOONH4=1,86/0,02=93 R=31(gcHOCH2)DohhXcha: HOCH2CHO:0,0375/2=0,01875mol

    HOCH2COOH:0,020,01875=0,00125molVy:m=0,01875*60+0,00125*76=1,22gam.

    Cu44:XldungdchHClnngxmol/l.YldungdchNa2CO3nngymol/l.Nhtt100mlXvo100mlY,sauccphnngthucV1ltCO2(ktc).Nhtt100mlYvo100mlX,sauphnngthucV2ltCO2(ktc).BittlV1:V2=4:7.Tlx:ybng

    A.11:4 B.11:7 C.7:5 D.7:3Gi: *TN1: H++CO32 HCO3

    0,1y 0,1y 0,1y (mol)H++HCO3 CO2+H2O

    0,1x0,1y 0,1x0,1y 0,1x0,1y (mol)*TN2: 2H+ + CO32 CO2+H2O

    0,1x 0,05x 0,05x (mol)Tac:(0,1x0,1y)/0,05x=4/7 x/y=7/5.

    Cu45:unhnhpetylenglicolvaxitcacboxylicX(phntchcnhmCOOH)vixctcH2SO4c,thuchnhpsnphmhuc,trongcchthucYmchh.tchyhonton3,95gamYcn4,00gamO2,thucCO2vH2Otheotlmoltngng2:1.BitYccngthcphnttrngvicngthcnginnht,YphnngcviNaOHtheotlmoltngng1:2.Phtbiunosauysai?

    A.YthamgiacphnngcngviBr2theotlmoltngng1:2.B.TngsnguynthirotronghaiphntX,Ybng8C.YkhngcphnngtrngbcD.Xcngphnhnhhc

    Gi: BotonkhilngiviphnngtchyY(vinCO2=2xnH2O=x)3,95+4=44.2x+18x x=0,075(mol)Suyra:nC=0,15molnH=0,15molnO=0,125molXt:nC:nH:nO=6:6:5 CTPTcaYl:C6H6O5YtcdngviNaOHtl1:2 CTCTcaYl:HCOOCCCOOCH2CH2OHDopnDsai.

    Cu46:TinhnhphnngnhitnhmhnhpXgm0,03molCr2O30,04molFeOvamolAl.Saumtthigianphnng,trnu,thuchnhpchtrnY.ChiaYthnhhaiphnbngnhau.Phnmtphnngvavi400mldungdchNaOH0,1M(long).PhnhaiphnngvidungdchHCllong,nng(d),thuc1,12ltkhH2(ktc).Gistrongphnngnhitnhm,Cr2O3chbkhthnhCr.PhntrmkhilngCr2O3phnngl

    A.20,00% B.33,33% C.50,00% D.66,67%Gi: Tac:a=nAl(b)=nNaOH=0,04*2=0,08(mol)

    2Al+3FeO Al2O3+3Fe0,08/3 0,04 0,04(mol)2Al+Cr2O3 Al2O3+2Cr2x x 2x(mol)

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    2Al+NaOH 3H2 Fe,Cr+NaOH H2y1,5y(mol0,04+2x0,04+2x(mol)Tac:1,5y+0,04+2x=2nH2=0,1(mol)vnAl(b)=0,08/3+2x+y=0,08(mol)Suyra:x=0,02moly=1/75molDo:%(m)Cr2O3p=0,02*100/0,03=66,67%

    Cu47:Cho0,7molhnhpTgmhaipeptitmchhlX(xmol)vY(ymol),utobiglyxinvalanin.unnng0,7molTtronglngddungdchNaOHthc3,8molNaOHphnngvthucdungdchchamgammui.Mtkhc,nutchyhontonxmolXhocymolYthuthuccngsmolCO2.BittngsnguyntoxitronghaiphntXvYl13,trongXvYucslinktpeptitkhngnhhn4.Gitrcaml

    A.396,6 B.340,8 C.409,2 D.399,4Gi: TheothXvYucslinktpeptitkhngnhhn4nnsmtxchaminoaxit

    trongXhocYkhngnhhn5SmtxchaminoaxittrungbnhcaX,Yl:3,8/0,7=5,43SuyraXc5mtxch(c6Oxi)vYc6mtxch(c7Oxi)Tac:nT=x+y=0,7molvnNaOH=5x+6y=3,8mol x=0,4molvy=0,3molGisCtrongX,YlnltlnvmTac:0,4n=0,3m n/m=0,3/0,4=12/16 Xl:(Ala)2(Gly)3vYl(Ala)4(Gly)2Botonkhilng:mmui=331*0,4+416*0,3+40*3,818*0,7=396,6gam.

    Cu48:HnhpXgm3estenchc, to thnh tcngmtancolYvi3axit cacboxylic(phntchcnhmCOOH)trong,chaiaxitnolngngktipnhauvmtaxitkhngno(cngphnhnhhc,chamtlinktiC=Ctrongphnt).Thyphnhonton5,88gamXbngdungdchNaOH,thuchnhpmuivmgamancolY.ChomgamYvobnhngNad,sauphnngthuc896mlkh(ktc)vkhilngbnhtng2,48gam.Mtkhc,nutchyhonton5,88gamXththucCO2v3,96gamH2O.PhntrmkhilngcaestekhngnotrongXl

    A.38,76% B.40,82% C.34,01% D.29,25%Gi: Xgm3estennnancolYn,ccaxitcngn.

    nancolY=2nH2=0,08(mol) n3este=0,08molKhilngbnhNatritng:mancolYmH2=2,48gam mancolY=2,56gamMancolY=2,56/0,08=32gam YlCH3OH

    Mtb(3este)=5,88/0,08=73,5gam2estenol:HCOOCH3vCH3COOCH3(v2axitnoktip)

    Gicngthcchung2estenolCxH2xO2(2

  • GiichititthiTHPTQucGiamnHaHcnm2015

    Giovin:CngBnh(0986.073.5130912.004.787)

    D.Tithiimtgiy,ionM2+chabinphnht.Gi: *TN1:thigianinphnlt(giy)

    Anot(+): H2O2e 2H++1/2O24aa(mol)Catot(): M2++2e M

    4a(mol)Smole:ne=4a(mol)*TN2:thigianinphnl2t(giy) ne=8a(mol)Anot(+): H2O2e 2H++1/2O28a8a2a(mol)Catot(): M2++2e M3,5a7a(mol)

    2H2O+2e 2OH+H2aa2,5a2a(mol)

    Cncvo2TNtrn:+DdsauinphnvncnH+nnddsauinphncpH