Getting Started with LAN Networks Getting Started with LAN Networks.

Getting Started withGetting Started withLAN Networks LAN Networks

Course Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to perform the following tasks:

• Determine when to use a hub, Ethernet switch, or multiprotocol router

• Interconnect switches and routers according to a specification

• Configure switches and routers to support LAN service

• Set up IP subnet addressing and address utilities for effective network administration

Course Objectives

• Verify that switches, routers, and their configured network services operate as intended

• Recognize a network problem, identify the source of the problem, and resolve it.

Course Topics

CSU/DSU WAN

Legend

Ethernet/ FastEthernet

Serial

Participant Role

• Introduce yourself• Ask/answer question

Student Role

Welcome : PleaseIntroduce Yourself

• Your name and work Iocation

• Your job responsibility

• Your internetworking experience

• Your objectives for this week

Course Syllabus

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

OSI Reference Model

LAN Protocol

WAN Protocol

Introduction toSK Telecom network

Operating andConfiguring Network

Devices - Router

Assembling andCabling Network

Devices

Managing Your LANNetwork

Introduction to TCP/IP

Operating andConfiguring Network

Devices - Switch

AppendixBuilding Lan Network

for Home LAN/SOHO user

Graphic Symbols

BridgeBridgeBridgeBridge SwitchSwitchSwitchSwitch RouterRouterRouterRouter

DSU/CSU

Multi-layerMulti-layerSwitchSwitch

NetworkNetworkSwitchSwitch

PersonalPersonalcomputercomputerPersonalPersonalcomputercomputer

File ServerFile ServerFile ServerFile Server Data Service Unit/Data Service Unit/Channel Service UnitChannel Service Unit

Data Service Unit/Data Service Unit/Channel Service UnitChannel Service Unit

ModemModemModemModem HubHubHubHub

EthernetEthernetEthernetEthernet Fast EthernetFast EthernetFast EthernetFast Ethernet Serial LineSerial LineSerial LineSerial Line Circuit SwitchedCircuit SwitchedLineLine

Circuit SwitchedCircuit SwitchedLineLine

Network CloudNetwork CloudNetwork CloudNetwork Cloud

OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model

Objectives

Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:

• Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI reference model

• Define and explain the 5 conversion steps of data encapsulation

OSI Reference Model

통신기능층

응용기능층

6제 6 층 : 표현층 (Presentation Layer)

제 5 층 : 세션층 (Session Layer)

제 4 층 : 전송층 (Transport Layer)

제 3 층 : 네트웍층 (Network Layer)

제 2 층 : 데이타링크층 (Data Link Layer)

제 1 층 : 물리층 (Physical Layer)

제 7 층 : 응용층 (Applicaion Layer)

통신네트워크

기능층

Communication Media

단말시스템

통신망시스템

단말시스템

• OSI Model Overview

OSI Reference Model

• Role of Application Layers

Application

Physical

Data Link

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session

Presentation

User Interface

How data is presentedSpecial processingsuch as encryption

Keeping differentapplication’sdata separate

EXAMPLES

TelnetHTTP

ASCIIEBCDICJPEGOperating System/Application AccessScheduling

OSI Reference Model

• Role of Data Flow Layers

Application

Physical

Data Link

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Session

Presentation

EXAMPLES

TCPUDPSPX

802.3/802.2HDLC

EIA/TIA-232V.35

Move bits between devicesSpecifies voltage, wire speed andpin-out cables

Combines bits int bytes andbytes into framesAccess to media using MAC addressError detection not correction

Reliable or unreliable deliveryError correction before retransmissionReliable or unreliable deliveryError correction before retransmission

Provide logical addressing whichrouters use for path determinationProvide logical addressing whichrouters use for path determination

OSI Reference Model

• Network Layer Communication Model

Data Link ServiceAccess Point

NS이용자

NS제공자

NS이용자

NS제공자

TransportLayer

Data LinkLayer 이하

NetworkLayer

Data Link Service

Network ServiceAccess Point

*NS : Network Service

Network Protocol

Network Service

Open System Open System

Communicating Between Layers

• Encapsulating Data

ApplicationApplication

PresentationPresentation

SessionSession

TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

Data LinkData Link

PhysicalPhysical

Segment

Packet

Upper Layer DataUpper Layer Data

Upper Layer DataUpper Layer DataTCP HeaderTCP Header

DataDataIP HeaderIP Header

DataData

010111010110001000011110010111010110001000011110

LLC HeaderLLC Header

MAC HeaderMAC Header

FCSFCS

• Encapsulating Data

SessionSession

TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

Data LinkData Link

PhysicalPhysical

Segment

Packet

Upper Layer DataUpper Layer DataTCP HeaderTCP Header

DataDataIP HeaderIP Header

DataData

010111010110001000011110010111010110001000011110

LLC HeaderLLC Header

MAC HeaderMAC Header

FCSFCS

• De-encapsulating Data

SessionSession

TransportTransport

NetworkNetwork

Data LinkData Link

PhysicalPhysical

TCP Header

TCP + Upper Layer DataTCP + Upper Layer Data

IP HeaderIP HeaderIP HeaderIP Header

IP + TCP + Upper Layer DataIP + TCP + Upper Layer Data

LLC Hdr + IP + TCP +Upper layer DataLLC Hdr + IP + TCP +Upper layer Data

010111010110001000011110010111010110001000011110

LLC Header

MAC Header

LAN ProtocolLAN Protocol

Objectives

• Describe data link address and network addresses, and identify the key differences between them

• List the key internetworking functions of the OSI Network layer and how they are performed in a router

Physical Layers Functions

• Media type• Connection type• Signaling type

Physical Layers Functions

• Physical Layer : Ethernet/802.3

HostHostHostHost

HubHubHubHub

HostsHostsHostsHosts

RouterRouterRouterRouter 10Base2 - Thick Ethernet10Base5 - Thick Ethernet

10BaseT - Twisted Pair

Data Link layers Functions

• Physical source and destination addresses

• Higher layer protocol (Service Access Point)

• Network topology• Frame sequencing• Flow control• Connection-oriented

or connectionlessP

Data Link layers Functions (cont.)

MAC Layer - 802.3

PreamblePreamble Dest addDest add Source addSource add LengthLength DataData FCSFCS

# Bytes# Bytes 88 66 66 22 VariableVariable 44

0000.0C0000.0C xx.xxxxxx.xxxx

IEEE assignedIEEE assigned VendorVendorassignedassigned

MAC Layer

Ethernet IIEthernet IIuses “Type”uses “Type”here andhere anddoes not usedoes not use802.2802.2

MAC Layer - 802.3

0000.0C0000.0C xx.xxxxxx.xxxx

IEEE assignedIEEE assigned VendorVendorassignedassigned

MAC Layer

Ethernet IIEthernet IIuses “Type”uses “Type”here andhere anddoes not usedoes not use802.2802.2

802.2 (SNAP)

Dest SAPDest SAPAAAA

Source SAPSource SAPAAAA

CtrlCtrl0303

TypeType

MAC Layer - 802.3

OUIOUIIDID

DataData

DestDestSAPSAP

Source Source SAPSAP

CtrlCtrl0303

DataData

OrOr 802.2 (SAP)

Network Layers Functions

• Define logical source and destination addresses associated with a specific protocol

• Define paths through network

• Interconnects multiple data link

IP, IPXIP, IPXIP, IPXIP, IPX

Network Layers Functions (cont.)

Network Layer End Station Packet

IP HeaderIP Header SourceSourceaddressaddress

DestinationDestinationaddressaddress

DataData

150.20.1.3150.20.1.3

NetworkNetwork NodeNode

• Logical Address

172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0

1010110010101100

Network

0001000000010000 0111101001111010 1100110011001100

1111111111111111 1111111111111111 0000000000000000 0000000000000000

172172 1616 122122 204204

255255 255255 00 00

BinaryBinaryAddressAddress

BinaryBinaryMaskMask

AddressAddress MaskMask

1.11.1

• Logical addressing allows for hierarchical networkLogical addressing allows for hierarchical network• Configuration requiredConfiguration required• Uses configured information to identify paths to networksUses configured information to identify paths to networks

Routing TableRouting TableRouting TableRouting Table

NETNETNETNET INTINTINTINT MetricMetricMetricMetric

112244

E0E0S0S0S0S0

000011

Routing TableRouting TableRouting TableRouting Table

NETNETNETNET INTINTINTINT MetricMetricMetricMetric

112244

S0S0S0S0E0E0

110000

1.01.0

1.31.3 2.12.1 2.22.2 4.34.3

4.04.04.14.1

4.24.21.21.2 E0E0 S0S0 S0S0 E0E0

Transport Layers Functions

• Reliable Transport Layer Function

SynchronizeSynchronize

Acknowledge, SynchronizeAcknowledge, Synchronize

AcknowledgeAcknowledge

Connection EstablishedConnection Established

Data TransferData Transfer

(Send Segments)(Send Segments)

WAN ProtocolWAN Protocol

Objectives

• Differentiate between the following WAN services: Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP

• Identify PPP operations to encapsulate Wan data on Router

• Recognize key Frame Relay terms and features• Determine how Frame Relay operates

WAN Overviews

• WANs connect sites• Connection requirements vary depending on user r

equirements and cost

ServiceProvider

WAN Connection Types:Layer 1

TelephoneCompany

ServiceProvider

Synchronous serial

Asynchronous serial,ISDN Layer 1

Synchronous serial

Leased Line

Circuit-Switched

Packet-Switched

Interfacing WAN ServiceProviders

WAN service provider toll network

Provider assigns connection parameters to subscriber

SSSS SSSS

Trunks and switches

CO Switch

Local Loop

Demarcation

Customer PremisesEquipmentPoint-to-point or

circuit-switchedconnection

Typical WAN EncapsulationProtocols : Layer 2

TelephoneCompany

ServiceProvider

HDLC, PPP, SLIP

PPP, SLIP, HDLC

X,25, Frame Relay, ATM

Leased Line

Circuit-Switched

Packet-Switched

HDLC Frame Format

• Cisco’s HDLC has a proprietary data field to support multiprotocol environments

FlagFlag AddressAddress ProprietaryProprietary DataData FCSFCS FlagFlag

Cisco HDLCCisco HDLC

ControlControl

• Supports only single protocol environments

FlagFlag AddressAddress DataData FCSFCS FlagFlag

HDLCHDLC

ControlControl

An Overview of PPP

• WANs connect sites• Connection requirements vary depending on user r

equirements and cost

PPP Encapsulation

Link setup and controlusing LCP in PPP

TCP/IPNovell IPXAppleTalk

Multiple protocolencapsulation using

NCPs in PPP

Layering PPP Elements

PhysicalPhysicalPhysicalPhysical

Data LinkData LinkLayerLayer

NetworkNetworkLayerLayer

Synchronous or AsynchronousSynchronous or AsynchronousPhysical MediaPhysical Media

Authentication, other optionsAuthentication, other optionsLink Control ProtocolLink Control Protocol

Network Control ProtocolNetwork Control ProtocolNetwork Control ProtocolNetwork Control Protocol

IPCPIPCPIPCPIPCP IPXCPIPXCPIPXCPIPXCP Many OthersMany OthersMany OthersMany Others

IPIPIPIP IPXIPXIPXIPX Layer 3 ProtocolLayer 3 ProtocolLayer 3 ProtocolLayer 3 Protocol

PPPPPP

PPP - A data link with network-layer services

PPP LCP Configuration Options

CompressionCompressionCompressionCompression

AuthenticationAuthenticationAuthenticationAuthentication Require a passwordRequire a passwordPerform Challenge HandshakePerform Challenge HandshakeRequire a passwordRequire a passwordPerform Challenge HandshakePerform Challenge Handshake

FeatureFeatureFeatureFeature

Compress data at source;Compress data at source;reproduce data atreproduce data atdestinationdestination

ErrorErrorDetectionDetectionErrorErrorDetectionDetection

Monitor data dropped on linkMonitor data dropped on linkAvoid frame loopingAvoid frame loopingMonitor data dropped on linkMonitor data dropped on linkAvoid frame loopingAvoid frame looping

MultilinkMultilinkMultilinkMultilink Load balancing acrossLoad balancing acrossmultiple linksmultiple linksLoad balancing acrossLoad balancing acrossmultiple linksmultiple links

How it OperatesHow it OperatesHow it OperatesHow it Operates ProtocolProtocolProtocolProtocol

PAPPAPCHAPCHAP

Stacker orStacker orPredictorPredictor

Magic NumberMagic Number

MultilinkMultilinkProtocol (MP)Protocol (MP)

Selecting a PPP AuthenticationProtocol

• Passwords sent in clear text• Peer in control of attempts

PAPPAP2-Way Handshake2-Way Handshake

““Santacruz, boardwalk”Santacruz, boardwalk”

Accept/RejectAccept/Reject

Remote RouterRemote Router(SantaCruz)(SantaCruz)

Hostname:santacruzHostname:santacruzPassword:boardwalk Password:boardwalk

Central-Site RouterCentral-Site Router(HQ)(HQ)

Selecting a PPP AuthenticationProtocol (cont.)

Use “Select” known only to authenticator and peer

CHAPCHAP3-Way Handshake3-Way Handshake

Accept/RejectAccept/Reject

Remote RouterRemote Router(SantaCruz)(SantaCruz)

Central-Site RouterCentral-Site Router(HQ)(HQ)

ChallengeChallenge

ResponseResponse

Frame Relay Overview

Frame Relay works here

DSU/CSU

DCE orFrameRelay Switch

• Virtual circuits make connection• Connection-oriented service

Frame Relay Stack

Frame RelayFrame RelayFrame RelayFrame Relay

EIA/TIA-232EIA/TIA-232EIA/TIA-449, V.35,EIA/TIA-449, V.35,X.21, EIA/TIA-530X.21, EIA/TIA-530

IP/IPX/AppleTalk,etc.IP/IPX/AppleTalk,etc.

Data LinkData LinkData LinkData Link

NetworkNetworkNetworkNetwork

TransportTransportTransportTransport

SessionSessionSessionSession

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation

ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication

OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference ModelOSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model Frame RelayFrame RelayFrame RelayFrame Relay

Frame Relay Terminology

LM ILM I100 = Active100 = Active400 = Active400 = Active

DLCI: 200

Local AccessLoop=64kbps

Local Access

Loop=T1

Introduction to TCP/IPIntroduction to TCP/IP

Objectives

• Identify the IP protocol stack, its protocol layer functions, and commonly used IP protocols.

• Identify IP address classes, IP addresses, IP subnet masks, IP network numbers, subnet numbers, and possible host numbers.

• Configure IP addresses and subnet masks on a router interface and optionally configure a host table.

• Interconnect the VLANs with a layer three device such as a router on a stick.

Introduction to TCP/IP

Early protocol suite Universal

Host Host

Internet

TCP/IP

TCP/IP- Protocol stack

InternetInternet

TransportTransportTransportTransport

SessionSessionSessionSession

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation

ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication

OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference ModelOSI Reference ModelOSI Reference Model TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP

TransportTransport

Data linkData link

PhysicalPhysical

Application Layer Overview

InternetInternet

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP

TransportTransport

Data linkData link

PhysicalPhysical

File TransferFile Transfer - TFTP *- TFTP * - FTP *- FTP * - NFS- NFSE-mailE-mail - SMTP- SMTPRemote LoginRemote Login - Telnet *- Telnet * - rlogin *- rlogin *Network ManagementNetwork Management - SNMP *- SNMP *Name ManagementName Management - DNS *- DNS *

* Used by the Router* Used by the Router* Used by the Router* Used by the Router

Transport Layer Overview

InternetInternet

TCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IPTCP/IP

TransportTransport

Data linkData link

PhysicalPhysical

Transmission ControlTransmission ControlProtocol (TCP)Protocol (TCP)Transmission ControlTransmission ControlProtocol (TCP)Protocol (TCP)

User DatagramUser DatagramProtocol (UDP)Protocol (UDP)User DatagramUser DatagramProtocol (UDP)Protocol (UDP)

Connection-Connection-orientedorientedConnection-Connection-orientedoriented

ConnectionlessConnectionlessConnectionlessConnectionless

Port Numbers

TransportTransportLayerLayerTransportTransportLayerLayer

FFTTPP

21212121 23232323 25252525 53535353

TTEELLNNEETT

SSMMTTPP

DDNNSS

TTFFTTPP

SSNNMMPP

RRIIPP

69696969 69696969 520520520520

TCPTCPTCPTCP UDPUDPUDPUDP

ApplicationApplicationLayerLayerApplicationApplicationLayerLayer

PortPortNumberNumberPortPortNumberNumber

TCP Port Numbers

Host A Host Z

……..SourceSourcePortPort

Dest.Dest.PortPort

……..10281028 2323

SPSP DPDPDest. Port=23.

Send packet to myTelnet

application

Telnet Z

TCP Three WayHandshake/Open connection

Host A Host B

Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)

SYN receivedSYN received

Send SYN(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)Send SYN(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)

Established(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)Established(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)

TCP Simple Acknowledgment

SenderSender ReceiverReceiver

Send 1Send 1Receive 1Receive 1

Send ACK 2Send ACK 2Receiver ACK 2Receiver ACK 2

Send 2Send 2

Receive 2Receive 2

Send ACK 3Send ACK 3Receiver ACK 3Receiver ACK 3

Send 3Send 3

Receive 3Receive 3

Send ACK 4Send ACK 4

Receiver ACK 4Receiver ACK 4

Window size = 1Window size = 1

TCP Sequence and Acknowledgement Numbers

SequenceSequence##

SourceSourcePortPort

Dest.Dest.PortPort

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement##

……..

I justI justsent #11.sent #11.

I just got #11,I just got #11,now I need #12now I need #12

10281028

SourceSource

2323 1010 11

Dest .Dest . Seq.Seq. AckAck

10281028

SourceSource

2323 1111 11

Dest .Dest . Seq.Seq. AckAck 2323

SourceSource

10281028 11 1111

SourceSource

10281028 22 1212

TCP Simple Acknowledgment

SenderSender ReceiverReceiverWindow size = 3Window size = 3Send 1Send 1

Window size = 3Window size = 3Send 1Send 1

Ack 3Ack 3Window size = 2Window size = 2

Ack 5Ack 5Window size = 5Window size = 5

Packet 3 isDropped

Protocol Field

InternetInternetLayerLayer

6666 17171717

IPIPIPIP

TransportTransportLayerLayer

ProtocolProtocolNumberNumberProtocolProtocolNumberNumber

TCPTCPTCPTCP UDPUDPUDPUDP

Determines destination upper-layer protocol

Internet Layer Overview

InternetInternet

TransportTransport

Data linkData link

PhysicalPhysical

DestinationDestinationUnreachableUnreachable

Echo (ping)Echo (ping)

OtherOther

DestinationDestinationUnreachableUnreachable

Echo (ping)Echo (ping)

OtherOther

ICMPICMP

Address Resolution Protocol

172.16.3.1

IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???

I heard that broadcast.The message is for me.Here is my Ethernetaddress

I need theEthernet

address of176.16.3.2

172.16.3.2

IP: 172.16.3.2IP: 172.16.3.2Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111

Map IP Ethernet Local ARP

Reverse - ARP

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP=???Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP=???

I heard that broadcast.Your IP address is 172.16.3.25

What ismy IPaddress ?

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111IP : 172.16.3.25IP : 172.16.3.25

Map Ethernet IP

Assembling and Assembling and Cabling Network DevicesCabling Network Devices

Objectives

• Identify and connect necessary components to enable connectivity between routers or switches

• Setup console connections between routers, switches and a terminal

LAN Physical Layers Implementations

• Physical layer implementations vary• Some implementations support multiple

physical media

PhysicalPhysicalPhysicalPhysical Eth

Data LinkData Link(MAC layer)(MAC layer)Data LinkData Link

(MAC layer)(MAC layer)

802.3802.3802.3802.3

DIXDIXStandardStandard

802.3 Specifications802.3 Specificationsfor 10mb Ethernetfor 10mb Ethernet

802.3u Specifications802.3u Specificationsfor 100mb (Fast)for 100mb (Fast)EthernetEthernet

Comparing Ethernet MediaRequirements

S Telecom

MaximumMaximumSegmentSegmentLengthLength

MediaMediaMediaMedia

10Base510Base510Base510Base5

50-ohm50-ohmcoax (thick)coax (thick)

10BaseT10BaseT10BaseT10BaseT

EIA/TIA CatEIA/TIA Cat3,4,5 UTP3,4,5 UTP

2 pair2 pair

100BaseTX100BaseTX100BaseTX100BaseTX 100BaseFX100BaseFX100BaseFX100BaseFX

50-ohm50-ohmcoax (thick)coax (thick)

2 pair2 pair

500 meter500 meter500 meter500 meter 100 meter100 meter100 meter100 meter 100 meter100 meter100 meter100 meter 400 meter400 meter400 meter400 meter

TopologyTopologyTopologyTopology BUSBUSBUSBUS StarStarStarStar StarStarStarStar Point-to-PointPoint-to-PointPoint-to-PointPoint-to-Point

ConnectorConnectorConnectorConnector AUIAUIAUIAUI ISO 8877ISO 8877(RJ-45)(RJ-45)

ISO 8877ISO 8877(RJ-45)(RJ-45)

Duplex media-Duplex media-interfaceinterfaceconnectorconnector(MIC) ST(MIC) ST

BNC Connector

Barrel T TerminatorBarrel T Terminator

UTP Device

The RJ-45 ConnectorThe RJ-45 ConnectorThe RJ-45 ConnectorThe RJ-45 Connector

Wire PairWire PairT is TipT is TipR is RingR is Ring

Wire PairWire PairT is TipT is TipR is RingR is RingPinPinPinPin

Pair 2 T2Pair 2 T2

Pair 2 R2Pair 2 R2

Pair 3 T3Pair 3 T3

Pair 1 R1Pair 1 R1

Pair 1 T1Pair 1 T1

Pair 3 R3Pair 3 R3

Pair 4 T4Pair 4 T4

Pair 4 R4Pair 4 R4

Pair 2 T2Pair 2 T2

Pair 2 R2Pair 2 R2

Pair 3 T3Pair 3 T3

Pair 1 R1Pair 1 R1

Pair 1 T1Pair 1 T1

Pair 3 R3Pair 3 R3

Pair 4 T4Pair 4 T4

Pair 4 R4Pair 4 R4

UTP ImplementationStraight-through

Cable 10BaseT/Cable 10BaseT/100BaseT Straight-through100BaseT Straight-through

Hub/SwitchHub/SwitchHub/SwitchHub/Switch Server/RouterServer/RouterServer/RouterServer/Router

Pin LabelPin LabelPin LabelPin Label

RD +RD +

RD -RD -

TD +TD +

TD -TD -

RD +RD +

RD -RD -

TD +TD +

TD -TD -

O b g brO b g brO b g brO b g br

Straight-through CableStraight-through CableStraight-through CableStraight-through Cable

O b g brO b g brO b g brO b g brwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbr wo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbr

Wires on cable endsWires on cable endsare in same orderare in same order

1 81 81 81 8 1 81 81 81 8

UTP Implementation Crossover

Cable 10BaseT/Cable 10BaseT/100BaseT Crossover100BaseT Crossover

Hub/SwitchHub/SwitchHub/SwitchHub/Switch Hub/SwitchHub/SwitchHub/SwitchHub/Switch

RD +RD +

RD -RD -

TD +TD +

TD -TD -

RD +RD +

RD -RD -

TD +TD +

TD -TD -

Crossover CableCrossover CableCrossover CableCrossover Cable

Some wires on cableSome wires on cableend are closedend are closed

wo wg wb wbrwo wg wb wbr

w b g brw b g br

wo wg wb wbrwo wg wb wbr

w b g brw b g brO b g brO b g brO b g brO b g brwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbrwo wb wg wbr

1 81 81 81 8 1 81 81 81 8RD +RD +

RD -RD -

TD +TD +

TD -TD -

RD +RD +

RD -RD -

TD +TD +

TD -TD -

Network Device

RouterRouter

HubHub

• Media typeMedia type• Connection typeConnection type• Signaling typeSignaling type

SwitchSwitch

BridgeBridge

• Physical addressPhysical address• Higher layer protocolHigher layer protocol• Network topologyNetwork topology• Frame sequencingFrame sequencing• Flow controlFlow control

• Logical addressLogical address• Define paths throughDefine paths through networknetwork• Interconnects Interconnects Multiple data linksMultiple data links

Hubs Operate at Physical layer

A B C D

• All devices in the same collision domain• All devices in the same broadcast domain• Devices share the same bandwidth

PhysicalPhysical

Switches and Bridges Operateat Data Link Layer

• Each segment has its own collision domain• All segments are in the same broadcast domain

1 2 3 4

Data linkData link

OROR 1 2

Routers : Operate at the Network Layer

• Broadcast control• Multicast control• Optimal path

determination• Traffic management• Logical addressing• Connects to WAN

service

Cabling the Campus

• Determine the physical media used- 10mb or 100mb indicates what type of CAT cable is required

• Locating interface on the chassis- determine if one or both ports have an X

indicates if needed corssover straight-through cable

10 MbpsCat 3,4,5

Straight-through10 MbpsCat 3,4,5

Straight-through

10 MbpsCat 3,4,5

Crossover

100 MbpsCat 5

Straight-through

100 MbpsCat 5

Crossover

Operating andOperating andConfiguring a Network DeviceConfiguring a Network DeviceI. RouterI. Router

Objectives

• Startup the Cisco router and observe the boot up processes• Provide an initial configuration for the switch and perform the

router’s initial setup configuration• Enable and identify the command modes in each network

device• Use the various help and command line-editing features of

each device’s user interface• Show and recognize fundamental technical details about each

network device

An Overview ofRouter Startup

• Find and check device hardware

• Find and load Cisco IOS software image

• Find and apply device configuration

External ConfigurationSources

Virtual terminal

PC or Unix Server

Web or NetworkManagementServer

Console portConsole port

Auxiliary portAuxiliary port

InterfaceInterface

• Configurations can come from many source

• Configurations will act in device memory

Cisco IOS User Interface Fundamental

• Uses a command line interface• Operations vary on different

internetworking devices• Type or paste entries in the

console command modes• Enter key instructs device to

parse and execute the command• Two primary EXEC modes are

user mode and privileged mode• Command modes have

distinctive prompts

Cisco IOS software EXEC

• There are two main EXEC modes for entering commands

First modes:First modes:First modes:First modes:

User ModeUser Mode

• Limited examination of routerLimited examination of router

• Command Prompt is Command Prompt is hostname>hostname>

User ModeUser Mode

• Limited examination of routerLimited examination of router

• Command Prompt is Command Prompt is hostname>hostname>

The Cisco IOS software EXEC (cont.)

Second modes (and most commonly usedSecond modes (and most commonly usedSecond modes (and most commonly usedSecond modes (and most commonly used

Privileged (or enabled) ModePrivileged (or enabled) Mode

• Detailed examinated of roouterDetailed examinated of roouter

• Enables configuration and debuggingEnables configuration and debugging

• Prequisite for other configuration modes Prequisite for other configuration modes

• Command prompts on the device Command prompts on the device hostname#hostname#

Privileged (or enabled) ModePrivileged (or enabled) Mode

• Detailed examinated of roouterDetailed examinated of roouter

• Enables configuration and debuggingEnables configuration and debugging

• Prequisite for other configuration modes Prequisite for other configuration modes

• Command prompts on the device Command prompts on the device hostname#hostname#

Router Internal Component

Config register

Interface

Router Internal Component

Config register

Interface

Loading the IOS from Flash

Show flash

Console

Show flash Command

Router>show flashshow flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 9524828 c2500-js-l.113-9.T[9524892 bytes used, 7252324 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Router>

Loading the Configuration

ConfigConfigConfigConfig ConfigConfigConfigConfig

Console

Showrunning-config

ShowStartup-config

Setup utility

• Load and execute config from NVRAM• If no config in NVRAM, enter setup mode

Show running and showstartup Command

Router#show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 11.3service timestamps debug uptimeservice timestamps log uptimeno service password-encryption!hostname Router!

Router#show startup-configUsing 376 out of 32762 bytes!version 11.3service timestamps debug uptimeservice timestamps log uptimeno service password-encryption!hostname Router!!!

Sources of Configuration

RAM NVRAM

ConfigConfigConfigConfig ConfigConfigConfigConfig

Config term

• NVRAM• Terminal• TFTP server• Erase Start

Copy running startup

Copy startup running

Console

TFTPserver

copy tftp run

copy run tftp

copy tftp start

Config start tftpBlank

000000000000

Erasestart

Cisco IOS File Systems andDevices

System:

flash:

TFTPserver

nvram:

Operating andOperating andConfiguring a Network DeviceConfiguring a Network DeviceI. SwitchI. Switch

How Switches Learn HostLocations

SK Telecom

• Initial MAC address table is empty

MAC address table

0260.8c01.1111

0260.8c01.2222 0260.8c01.4444

0260.8c01.3333E0

• Station A sends a frame to Station C

• Switch caches station A MAC address to port E0 by learning

• The frame from station A to station C is flooded out to all ports except port E0(unknown unicasts are flooded)

MAC address table

0260.8c01.1111

0260.8c01.2222 0260.8c01.4444

0260.8c01.3333E0

E0:0260.8c01.1111

• Station D sends a frame to Station C

• Switch caches station D MAC address to port E3 by learning the source A address of data frames

• The frame from station D to station C is flooded out to all ports except port E3 (unknown unicasts are flooded)

MAC address table

0260.8c01.1111

0260.8c01.2222 0260.8c01.4444

0260.8c01.3333E0

E0:0260.8c01.1111E3:0260.8c01.4444

How Switches Filter Frames

• Station A sends a frame to Station C

• Destination is known, frame is not flooded

MAC address table

0260.8c01.1111

0260.8c01.2222 0260.8c01.4444

0260.8c01.3333E0

Broadcast and Multicast Frames

• Station D sends a broadcast or multicast frame

• Broadcast and multicast frames are flooded to all ports other than the originating port

MAC address table

0260.8c01.1111

0260.8c01.2222 0260.8c01.4444

0260.8c01.3333E0

E0:0260.8c01.1111E2:0260.8c01.2222

E1:0260.8c01.3333

E3:0260.8c01.4444

Redundant Topology

• Redundant topology eliminates single points of failure

• Redundant topology cause broadcast storms, multiple frame copies, and MAC address table instability problems

Station/host X Router Y

Segment 1

Segment 2

Broadcast Storms

Switches continues to propagate broadcast traffic over and over

Station/host X Router Y

Segment 1

Segment 2

BroadcastBroadcast

MANAGING YOUR NETWORK MANAGING YOUR NETWORK ENVIRONMENT (LAN NETWORK)ENVIRONMENT (LAN NETWORK)

Objectives

• Gather information by network test(ping, trace,telnet)

• Gather information by using show command in Cisco Router

• Create a simple network diagram to document the network

LAN Network Environment

• Network components

BranchOffice

Floor 1

Floor 2

Sever Farm

Campus

Telnet

• Telnet operation

Router> telnet 203.227.91.1

Trying 203.227.91.1 ... OpenUser Access Verification

Password: ****Cisco>

Router> telnet 203.227.91.1

Trying 203.227.91.1 ... OpenUser Access Verification

Password: ****Cisco>

Router 203.227.90.1

Cisco 203.227.91.1

RouterEcho Reply

Echo Requestping

Router> ping 203.229.91.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.227.91.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms

Router> ping 203.227.91.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.227.91.1, timeout is 2 seconds:.....Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

Router> ping 203.229.91.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.227.91.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms

Router> ping 203.227.91.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 203.227.91.1, timeout is 2 seconds:.....Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

Pusan131.108.33.5

Daegu131.108.16.2

Daejun131.108.12.3

Seoul# trace 131.108.33.5 (Pusan)Type escape to abort.Tracing the route to 131.108.33.5 (Pusan)

1 131.108.12.3 (Daejun) 100 msec 40 msec 10 msec2 131.108.16.2 (Daegu) 40 msec 20 msec 8 msec3 131.108.33.5 (Pusan) 10 msec 8 msec 4 msec

Seoul#

Seoul# trace 131.108.33.5 (Pusan)Type escape to abort.Tracing the route to 131.108.33.5 (Pusan)

1 131.108.12.3 (Daejun) 100 msec 40 msec 10 msec2 131.108.16.2 (Daegu) 40 msec 20 msec 8 msec3 131.108.33.5 (Pusan) 10 msec 8 msec 4 msec

Seoul#

Router Check Command

• Show interface serial command

• Show interface ethernet command

• Show process cpu command

Home LAN /SOHO 사용자를 위한LAN 구축 실무 ( 부록 )

Ⅰ. Network 란 ?

Ⅱ. LAN Card 없이 간단하게 연결하기

Ⅲ. 기본 Network 구축장비

Ⅳ. Network 구축 순서

Ⅴ. Windows 95/98 의 Network 환경설정

Ⅵ. 자원 공유 Model

Ⅶ. LAN 구축 Model

Ⅷ. 초고속 Internet Service 의 선택

Network 란 ?

Network 를 하면 무엇이 좋아지는가 ? 자원 공유

• 저장장치• 출력장치• 인터넷 접속 라인• 팩스모뎀

비용절감 신뢰성 향상

Network 기본 지식 LAN 과 WAN LAN 의 구성방식

· Peer -To -Peer

· Client -Server

LAN 의 표준 , 이더넷 (Ethernet) Network 운영체제 Protocol

Network 란 ?

Cable 직접 연결 Serial( 직렬 ) 연결

Parallel( 병렬 ) 연결

무선 적외선 통신 (IrDA) 연결

USB 연결 단순 데이터 교환

유사 Network 환경 구축

USB LAN Card

LAN Card 없이 간단하게 연결하기

기본 Network 구축장비

• 명칭 : RG58 A/U 10Base-2• 전송속도 : 10Mbps• 연결거리 : 185M• Network 양 끝단에 Terminator 설치

LAN Cable - BNC

Barrel T Terminator

BNC 커넥터의 종류

LAN Cable - BNC

BNC T- 커넥터 연결

LAN Cable- BNC

BNC Terminator 연결

LAN Cable - BNC

• 명칭 : RJ-45

10/100Base-T• 전송속도 : 10/100Mbps• 연결거리 : 100M• 3 대 이상의 PC 연결시 허브 필요

기본 Network 구축장비 LAN Cable - UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair)

• 명칭 : RJ-45

10/100Base-T• 전송속도 : 10/100Mbps• 연결거리 : 100M• 3 대 이상의 PC 연결시 허브 필요

기본 Network 구축장비 LAN Cable - UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair)

• BUS BUS 방식방식•TPO/COMBO

• 연결속도• 가격

LAN Cable (Network Adapter/NIC)

• BUS BUS 방식방식•TPO/COMBO

• BUS 방식• TPO/COMBOTPO/COMBO

TPO(TP-Only)

• BUS 방식•TPO/COMBOTPO/COMBO

COMBO (UTP, AUI, BNC)

• BUS 방식• TPO/COMBO

• 연결속도연결속도• 가격

100Mbps Fast Ethernet Adapter

• BUS 방식• TPO/COMBO

• 연결속도• 가격가격

Hub 의 종류1. 1. 더미더미 (Dummy) Hub(Dummy) Hub

2. 스위치 (Switch)Hub

허브 (Hub)

Hub 의 종류1. 더미 (Dummy) Hub

2. 2. 스위치스위치 (Switch)Hub(Switch)Hub

허브 (Hub)

Hub 의 선택•몇대 정도의 컴퓨터를 연결할 것인가 ?•더미허브 ? 스위치 허브?•10Mbps? 100Mbps?•저가형 ? 고가형 ?

허브 (Hub)

Network 와 Network 간을 연결하는 인터네트

워킹 (Internetworking) 장비 소규모 Network 환경에서는 Software 적으로

라우터의 구현 , 비용 절감

라우터 (Router)

Network 구축 순서

LAN Card LAN Card 설치와 환경설정설치와 환경설정 (( 드라이버 설치드라이버 설치 ))

Cable Cable 작업작업 , Hub, Hub 와 연결와 연결

Network Network 환경설정환경설정 (( 프로토콜프로토콜 , , 컴퓨터이름컴퓨터이름 ))

공유 자원공유 자원 , , 사용자 설정사용자 설정

LAN Card 설치와 환경설정 (Driver 설치 )

문제해결 - Ping 테스트

c:\ping 127.0.0.1

문제해결 - Driver- Update

문제해결 - 자원충돌 해결

Cable 제작1. Cable2. RJ45 커넥터3. 보호 부트4. RJ45 케이블링 툴

Cable 작업 , Hub 와 연결

UTP 다이렉트 Cable 배선방식

UTP 크로스 Cable 배선방식

Hub 와 연결

• Microsoft Network 클라이언트• 전화접속 어댑터• LAN Card Driver ( 설치한 LAN Card 종류마다 틀림 )• TCP/IP• IPX/SPX( 스타크레프트 등의 네트워크 게임을 위해 필요 )• Microsoft Network 파일 / 프린터 공유 프로그램 ( 공유 설정을 위해 필요 )

Window 95/98 의 Network 환경설정 Network 환경설정 ( 프로토콜 , 컴퓨터이름)

IP 주소 (IP Address) 와 서브네트 마스크 (Subnet Mask) 지정

TCP/IP 환경 설정

IP 주소 10.xxx .xxx .xxx

서브네트마스크 255. 0 . 0 . 0

•클래스 A 비공인 IP 주소

Window 95/98 의 Network 환경설정

IP 주소 (IP Address) 와 서브네트 마스크 (Subnet Mask) 지정

TCP/IP 환경 설정

IP 주소 192.168.xxx .xxx

서브네트마스크 255 .255. 0 . 0

•클래스 B 비공인 IP 주소

IPX/SPX 프로토콜 IPX/SPX 프로토콜

기타 프로토콜 환경 설정

NetBEUI 프로토콜 NetBEUI 프로토콜

공유프로그램 설치

컴퓨터 이름 짓기

자원 공유 Model

저장장치 ( 드라이브 / 폴더 ) 의 공유

프린터 공유

자원 공유 Model

Internet 접속라인 공유

자원 공유 Model

팩스 모뎀 공유

자원 공유 Model

LAN 구축 Model

1 : 1 연결

LAN 구축 Model

Hub 를 이용한 3 대 이상의 연결

LAN 구축 Model

전화 접속 네트워킹으로 원격지 접속

LAN 구축 Model

인터넷으로 전용선 환경에 원격지 접속

LAN 구축 Model

Window - DOS PC 연결

LAN 구축 Model

Window - 매킨토시 연결

LAN 구축 Model

Internet 사용이 많지 않은 SOHO LAN 구축 Model

UTP 케이블

5-8 포트 10 Mbps 허브향후 확장을 고려해 PC 대수보다한두포트 여유제품 사용

프린터병렬 연결

10 Mbps 공유 Ethernet

인터넷

모뎀 /ISDN 을 이용한인터넷 접속 공유기능으로 저렴하게 인터넷 환경 구축

모뎀 /ISDN

각 PC 에 표준 10 Mbps 랜카드 설지

LAN 구축 Model

Web Server 운영을 위한 전용선 환경의 SOHO LAN 구축 Model

UTP 케이블

5-8 포트 10 Mbps 허브향후 확장을 고려해 PC 대수보다한두포트 여유제품 사용

10 Mbps 공유 Ethernet

인터넷

각 PC 에 표준 10 Mbps 랜카드 설지

라우터

56/128 K 전용회선

LAN 구축 Model

ADLS/Cable MODEM 등을 활용한 초고속 Internet 멀티미디어 SOHO LAN 구축 Model

10/100 Mbps 고속랜카드

케이블 /ADSL 모뎀

100Mbps 스위치 허브각 노드마다 최대의 대역폭을 보장하는 스위치 허브의 사용으로 전송량이많은 경우도 성능저하 없이 고속의 전송이 가능하게 함

100 Mbps Fast Ethernet

인터넷

인터넷연결공유 PC케이블모뎀 /ADSL모뎀등과 연결하는랜카드를 인터넷과직접 연결된 PC 에장착 , 즉 이 PC 에는랜카드가 2개 장착되어 있음 .

10 Mbps 랜카드

ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network)

초고속 Internet Service 의 선택

Cable MODEM

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

전용선

전용선 도입업체전용선 도입업체 ISPISP

도메인 결정

공인 IP 주소 부여

도메인 신청 대행

설치와 테스트

개 통

장비 구입 ( 대여 )라우터 /DSU/CSU

전용선 신청

Getting Started with LAN Networks Getting Started with LAN Networks.

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