Forms of Government · parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. Unit...

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Forms of Government

SS.7.C.3.1

Compare different forms of

government (direct democracy,

representative democracy,

socialism, communism,

monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).

SS.7.C.3.2

Compare

parliamentary, federal,

confederal, and unitary

systems of government.

Unit 1 test reflection

1. My score on the Unit 1 test was…..

2. I am/am not happy with my score because…

3. I did ______ to prepare for the test

4. This affected my score because…

5. I can do____to improve my score on the next test

Retake policy

If you scored lower than a 70%, you are eligible to retake Unit 1 test

You must:

Complete the request to retake form (in the file organizer next to the

printer)

Complete the retake review packet to review Unit 1 standards

Turn in completed form and review packet and you can schedule your

retake

Retakes will only be 2 weeks from the day the test was passed back

You have until Monday, September 23 to retake Unit 2 test

What is government?

the governing body

of a nation, state,

or community.

Monarchy

Form of government headed by a

king or queen who inherits the

position, rules for life, and holds

power that can range anywhere

between limited to absolute

MonarchySelection of leaders:

King or Queen chosen by heredity

(birth)

Government Power:

Limited by the country’s constitution in a

constitutional monarchy

Ruler has complete power in an

absolute monarchy

Monarchy

What is an example of a

monarchy?

Great Britain (England)

Constitutional Monarchy

Absolute Monarchy

Government

FLREA © 2012

Oligarchy

form of government in

which a small group

(often of wealthy people)

has total control and

power

OligarchySelection of leaders:

The government is run by just a

few people or a small group

Government Power:

Government does what it wants

Little regard to the constitution

Oligarchy

Government

Government

FLREA © 2012

The Florida Law Related Education Association, Inc. © 2016

BenchmarksSS.7.C.3.1

Compare different forms of government (direct

democracy, representative democracy, socialism,

communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).

Forms of

Government

Comparing Different Forms of Government

What is the role/purpose of government?

• To protect the rights of the people

• To keep the people safe

• Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

• What else…?

Forms of Government

• Direct democracy

• Representative democracy

• Constitutional monarchy

• Absolute monarchy

• Oligarchy

• Autocracy

• Republic

• Socialism

• Communism

These are the

forms of

government we

will be

examining

today!

What is a “democracy”?

• Democracy is government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.

• Literally defined as “rule of the people”

Direct Democracy

• Direct Democracy

– Based on the definition of “democracy” how would you define a direct democracy?

– Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of direct democracy!

FLREA © 2012

Direct democracy

Form of government

where the power is in

the hands of the

people

Direct democracy

Political philosophy:

The People control the

government and gather to

create laws

Direct democracy

Who has the political power?

THE PEOPLE

Direct democracy

Example?

Ancient Athens (Greece)

Switzerland

What is direct democracy?

• Direct democracy is a government where the people have an individual voice in government.

Government

Representative Democracy

• Representative Democracy

– What is a “representative”?

• An elected person to act and speak on behalf of others

– Based on the definition of “representative” and “democracy”, how you would define representative democracy?

– Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of representative democracy!

What is Representative Democracy?

• Representative democracy is a system where individuals have a voice in government through elected representatives

Government

Representative democracy

system of government

where the people elect

representatives to make

laws for them

Representative democracy

Political philosophy:

Country is governed by

representatives elected by

the citizens

Representative democracy

Political power: The

PEOPLE

Representative democracy

Example:

The United States

What other forms of government are

there?

• Monarchy • Constitutional monarchy• Absolute monarchy

• Oligarchy• Autocracy• Socialism • Communism

Constitutional Monarchy

A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress.

The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs (family).

A constitutional monarchy has a constitution that limits the monarch's power.

Absolute Monarchy

• The monarch (king, queen, etc.) has absolute power among his/her people.

• The monarch is the single ruler within the government – rule by one.

• The monarch has unrestricted power over the people.

Oligarchy

A government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority is generally based on wealth and/or power.

Rule by a “few”We rule!

Autocracy

A government ruled by a single leader who has unlimited power and denies peoples’ fundamental rights.

Rule by one

I rule!

Anarchy

• A society where there is no government

• Reminder: what is the purpose of government?

– To protect the rights of the people

– To keep the people safe

– Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

The Florida Law Related Education Association, Inc. © 2016

WHAT ELSE IS THERE?

Republic, Socialism, and Communism

Republic

A republic is a form of government limited by written law (in our case, the U.S. Constitution) in which power is held by the people.

Like a representative democracy, citizens elect others to represent their interests in government.

Socialism

• Economic system that limits individual ownership

• Still provides the opportunity for private property and private wealth

Communism

• In a communist government, the government owns all means of production and eliminates private property/business.

– This means that all things are owned by the government and shared by the community.

Autocracy

A government ruled by a

single leader who has

unlimited power

“Rule by one”

Socialism

A form of government based

on cooperation where

everyone works together to

provide equally for everyone

else.

Socialism

Private ownership is allowed

Resources are shared

Communism

The government controls everything and everyone is equal.

Individual people can't own property by themselves because everything is shared.

Communism

Political philosophy:

Government controls the

whole economy

Communism

Who has political power?:

Usually a strong dictator and

the Communist party

Communism

Examples?

Cuba

North Korea

Forms of Government Scenarios

In the 20th Century two World Wars were fought

to preventthe fast expansion of this form of

government. Most of those who started

World War One were the few remaining

absolute monarchs of Europe, whilein World

War Two it was theelected dictators of

Germany and Italy.

Forms of Government Scenarios

In early European history government power

was held bya variety of kings and queens

who ruledtheir kingdoms with mostly

unlimited powers

Forms of Government Scenarios

In his4th-century BC work The Republic, the

Greek philosopher Plato proposed the

communal ownership of property byan

intellectual ruling class, to put the

welfare of the state above personal desire

and moderate the greed of the producing

classes.

Forms of Government Scenarios

Some Native American tribes

organizedthemselves by having all

male adult members ofthe tribe

vote for any proposed laws or

changes.

Forms of Government Scenarios

In the 20th century, kings and queens

have generally become symbols of

national unity, while real power has

been moved to constitutional

assemblies. Today,this form of

government is mainly in place in the

Middle East.

Forms of Government Scenarios

An example of this formof government

emerged in 1215 in England when a

small group wealthy nobleman forced

the king toshare power. This moved

the country from one person

holding allof the power toa small

group holding power.

Forms of Government Scenarios

An example of this formof government is

the United States. Citizens elect

representatives atthe national, state, and

local levels of government tovote on

their behalf.

Forms of Government Scenarios

Some believethat this form of

governmentis desirable and achievable.

Others view this form of governmentas

inefficientand creates peoplewho are

dependent and gain unfairly from the

governmentmanaging the economics of

the country.

Systems of Government

All forms of government have the same powers:

legislative, judicial, and executive.

How those powers are organized in government is

where the differences between systems of

government can be seen.

Some forms of government put all three powers in

one place

Others forms of government divide up the powers

among different branches of government

Parliamentary

Definition:

System of government where

power is located with the

independent states and little

power in the central

government.

Parliamentary

Level of centralizing powers

Medium

Strengths:

Faster and easier to pass laws

Power is more divided

Weaknesses:

Lacks definite election date

Parliamentary

Example:

Israel

Parliamentary A system of government where the power is in the legislative body, and

the leader of the country is a part of the legislature. Citizens indirectly elect officials through their participation in political parties. (The people choose the political party they like, and then the party chooses its members who will serve as representatives of the people).

Citizens vote for the political party they like best. The party that receives the majority of the votes comes to power in the legislature, and the legislature elects the leader.

Federal

Definition:

System of government

where power is shared

between a central

government and states

Federal

Level of centralizing powers:

Medium

Strengths:

Local government has more power

Weaknesses:

Whole country does not always want or

do the same things

Federal

Example:

United States

Federal A system of government where the power is shared between the

central (national) government and the states. Citizens elect

members of the legislative branch, the executive branch, and some

members of the judicial branch.

Power is shared and divided between the central government and

the states. Citizens elect officials at all levels of government

Confederal

Definition:

System of government where

power is located with the

independent states and there is

little power in the central

government

Confederal

Level of centralizing powers:

Low

Strengths

State government have their own powers

Weaknesses:

No central government

Confederal

A system of government where the power is given to independent states. There is little or no central (national) power. Citizens elect members of the legislative branch, the executive branch, and some members of the judicial branch.

Independent states have their own powers. There is no central government. Citizens elect officials of their own state for the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Examples

United Nations

European Union

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Unitary

Definition:

A system of government

where almost all power is

located with the central

government

Unitary

Level of centralizing power:

High

Strengths:

Everyone follows one set of rules

Weaknesses:

People do not select leaders

Unitary

Example:

China

Parliamentary

System of government where power

is with the law making body and their

leader (prime minister or president) is

part of the legislature

Federal

System of government where

power is shared between a

central government and the

states

Confederal

President: the head of the executive

branch in a federal system

Prime minister: the head of state in a

parliamentary system

Governor: the head of a state

government