Forms of Government · parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. Unit...
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Forms of Government
Transcript of Forms of Government · parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. Unit...
Forms of Government
SS.7.C.3.1
Compare different forms of
government (direct democracy,
representative democracy,
socialism, communism,
monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).
SS.7.C.3.2
Compare
parliamentary, federal,
confederal, and unitary
systems of government.
Unit 1 test reflection
1. My score on the Unit 1 test was…..
2. I am/am not happy with my score because…
3. I did ______ to prepare for the test
4. This affected my score because…
5. I can do____to improve my score on the next test
Retake policy
If you scored lower than a 70%, you are eligible to retake Unit 1 test
You must:
Complete the request to retake form (in the file organizer next to the
printer)
Complete the retake review packet to review Unit 1 standards
Turn in completed form and review packet and you can schedule your
retake
Retakes will only be 2 weeks from the day the test was passed back
You have until Monday, September 23 to retake Unit 2 test
What is government?
the governing body
of a nation, state,
or community.
Monarchy
Form of government headed by a
king or queen who inherits the
position, rules for life, and holds
power that can range anywhere
between limited to absolute
MonarchySelection of leaders:
King or Queen chosen by heredity
(birth)
Government Power:
Limited by the country’s constitution in a
constitutional monarchy
Ruler has complete power in an
absolute monarchy
Monarchy
What is an example of a
monarchy?
Great Britain (England)
Constitutional Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy
Government
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Oligarchy
form of government in
which a small group
(often of wealthy people)
has total control and
power
OligarchySelection of leaders:
The government is run by just a
few people or a small group
Government Power:
Government does what it wants
Little regard to the constitution
Oligarchy
Government
Government
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The Florida Law Related Education Association, Inc. © 2016
BenchmarksSS.7.C.3.1
Compare different forms of government (direct
democracy, representative democracy, socialism,
communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).
Forms of
Government
Comparing Different Forms of Government
What is the role/purpose of government?
• To protect the rights of the people
• To keep the people safe
• Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
• What else…?
Forms of Government
• Direct democracy
• Representative democracy
• Constitutional monarchy
• Absolute monarchy
• Oligarchy
• Autocracy
• Republic
• Socialism
• Communism
These are the
forms of
government we
will be
examining
today!
What is a “democracy”?
• Democracy is government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.
• Literally defined as “rule of the people”
Direct Democracy
• Direct Democracy
– Based on the definition of “democracy” how would you define a direct democracy?
– Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of direct democracy!
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Direct democracy
Form of government
where the power is in
the hands of the
people
Direct democracy
Political philosophy:
The People control the
government and gather to
create laws
Direct democracy
Who has the political power?
THE PEOPLE
Direct democracy
Example?
Ancient Athens (Greece)
Switzerland
What is direct democracy?
• Direct democracy is a government where the people have an individual voice in government.
Government
Representative Democracy
• Representative Democracy
– What is a “representative”?
• An elected person to act and speak on behalf of others
– Based on the definition of “representative” and “democracy”, how you would define representative democracy?
– Draw a picture to illustrate your definition of representative democracy!
What is Representative Democracy?
• Representative democracy is a system where individuals have a voice in government through elected representatives
Government
Representative democracy
system of government
where the people elect
representatives to make
laws for them
Representative democracy
Political philosophy:
Country is governed by
representatives elected by
the citizens
Representative democracy
Political power: The
PEOPLE
Representative democracy
Example:
The United States
What other forms of government are
there?
• Monarchy • Constitutional monarchy• Absolute monarchy
• Oligarchy• Autocracy• Socialism • Communism
Constitutional Monarchy
A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress.
The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs (family).
A constitutional monarchy has a constitution that limits the monarch's power.
Absolute Monarchy
• The monarch (king, queen, etc.) has absolute power among his/her people.
• The monarch is the single ruler within the government – rule by one.
• The monarch has unrestricted power over the people.
Oligarchy
A government in which control is exercised by a small group of individuals whose authority is generally based on wealth and/or power.
Rule by a “few”We rule!
Autocracy
A government ruled by a single leader who has unlimited power and denies peoples’ fundamental rights.
Rule by one
I rule!
Anarchy
• A society where there is no government
• Reminder: what is the purpose of government?
– To protect the rights of the people
– To keep the people safe
– Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
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WHAT ELSE IS THERE?
Republic, Socialism, and Communism
Republic
A republic is a form of government limited by written law (in our case, the U.S. Constitution) in which power is held by the people.
Like a representative democracy, citizens elect others to represent their interests in government.
Socialism
• Economic system that limits individual ownership
• Still provides the opportunity for private property and private wealth
Communism
• In a communist government, the government owns all means of production and eliminates private property/business.
– This means that all things are owned by the government and shared by the community.
Autocracy
A government ruled by a
single leader who has
unlimited power
“Rule by one”
Socialism
A form of government based
on cooperation where
everyone works together to
provide equally for everyone
else.
Socialism
Private ownership is allowed
Resources are shared
Communism
The government controls everything and everyone is equal.
Individual people can't own property by themselves because everything is shared.
Communism
Political philosophy:
Government controls the
whole economy
Communism
Who has political power?:
Usually a strong dictator and
the Communist party
Communism
Examples?
Cuba
North Korea
Forms of Government Scenarios
In the 20th Century two World Wars were fought
to preventthe fast expansion of this form of
government. Most of those who started
World War One were the few remaining
absolute monarchs of Europe, whilein World
War Two it was theelected dictators of
Germany and Italy.
Forms of Government Scenarios
In early European history government power
was held bya variety of kings and queens
who ruledtheir kingdoms with mostly
unlimited powers
Forms of Government Scenarios
In his4th-century BC work The Republic, the
Greek philosopher Plato proposed the
communal ownership of property byan
intellectual ruling class, to put the
welfare of the state above personal desire
and moderate the greed of the producing
classes.
Forms of Government Scenarios
Some Native American tribes
organizedthemselves by having all
male adult members ofthe tribe
vote for any proposed laws or
changes.
Forms of Government Scenarios
In the 20th century, kings and queens
have generally become symbols of
national unity, while real power has
been moved to constitutional
assemblies. Today,this form of
government is mainly in place in the
Middle East.
Forms of Government Scenarios
An example of this formof government
emerged in 1215 in England when a
small group wealthy nobleman forced
the king toshare power. This moved
the country from one person
holding allof the power toa small
group holding power.
Forms of Government Scenarios
An example of this formof government is
the United States. Citizens elect
representatives atthe national, state, and
local levels of government tovote on
their behalf.
Forms of Government Scenarios
Some believethat this form of
governmentis desirable and achievable.
Others view this form of governmentas
inefficientand creates peoplewho are
dependent and gain unfairly from the
governmentmanaging the economics of
the country.
Systems of Government
All forms of government have the same powers:
legislative, judicial, and executive.
How those powers are organized in government is
where the differences between systems of
government can be seen.
Some forms of government put all three powers in
one place
Others forms of government divide up the powers
among different branches of government
Parliamentary
Definition:
System of government where
power is located with the
independent states and little
power in the central
government.
Parliamentary
Level of centralizing powers
Medium
Strengths:
Faster and easier to pass laws
Power is more divided
Weaknesses:
Lacks definite election date
Parliamentary
Example:
Israel
Parliamentary A system of government where the power is in the legislative body, and
the leader of the country is a part of the legislature. Citizens indirectly elect officials through their participation in political parties. (The people choose the political party they like, and then the party chooses its members who will serve as representatives of the people).
Citizens vote for the political party they like best. The party that receives the majority of the votes comes to power in the legislature, and the legislature elects the leader.
Federal
Definition:
System of government
where power is shared
between a central
government and states
Federal
Level of centralizing powers:
Medium
Strengths:
Local government has more power
Weaknesses:
Whole country does not always want or
do the same things
Federal
Example:
United States
Federal A system of government where the power is shared between the
central (national) government and the states. Citizens elect
members of the legislative branch, the executive branch, and some
members of the judicial branch.
Power is shared and divided between the central government and
the states. Citizens elect officials at all levels of government
Confederal
Definition:
System of government where
power is located with the
independent states and there is
little power in the central
government
Confederal
Level of centralizing powers:
Low
Strengths
State government have their own powers
Weaknesses:
No central government
Confederal
A system of government where the power is given to independent states. There is little or no central (national) power. Citizens elect members of the legislative branch, the executive branch, and some members of the judicial branch.
Independent states have their own powers. There is no central government. Citizens elect officials of their own state for the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Examples
United Nations
European Union
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Unitary
Definition:
A system of government
where almost all power is
located with the central
government
Unitary
Level of centralizing power:
High
Strengths:
Everyone follows one set of rules
Weaknesses:
People do not select leaders
Unitary
Example:
China
Parliamentary
System of government where power
is with the law making body and their
leader (prime minister or president) is
part of the legislature
Federal
System of government where
power is shared between a
central government and the
states
Confederal
President: the head of the executive
branch in a federal system
Prime minister: the head of state in a
parliamentary system
Governor: the head of a state
government
