First Stander Text Book

Post on 14-Mar-2016

231 views 2 download

description

book, First Stander Text Book

Transcript of First Stander Text Book

31

ClevmftoevPtnjtjnftrevUtV

lEwcFWicFWlnftdvmftalutzevUftazoTwWmenftzxntWnevUtmevUtwWpgwWmenftwntWKcFHrevUftzevmftuvmftmgnjthlevmthizevUftazglEwWpgmevmftuevmftMevUtalUftwntWKcFHyevmftbWijtWMHgabFHaighnjtaighaloTfyevmftmHgwntWKcFHientWazoTakgalUftuLgientWazoTpjftlevmthwevmftjnftwWzevmftuvmftqUftdvmftakLghlnftlghkHgbWjnftxEHanoTWawFhzadFhazgadFhlEuevoThwevmftpg

njtjnftrevUtyevmftamGfwntWbW

30

CbWwJalgixevUtzevpthoMthV

iOEWlevmftabUftyevmftxevUtzevpthoMthyevmftbWwMtWalgyevmftinMtzLvmftawFhmgnevUftbWwevmftoMthwevmftzevpthlevmftakoTxvmthlevmftuMtWzLvmftawFhmgnevUftwevmftzevpthadKtwevmftoMthakoTxvmthuMtWawFWaAoTzevmftaqUftaiUtxEhwevmftkHganoTWyevmftpMtzevUftilevmftabUftaloTulwntWncFhwevmftkHganoTWyevmftwntWamGfncFhlevmftpgaloTzevpthxEHzghoMthabghxntWiHgoMthxEHzghzevpthabghxntWlghawFhsntWadKtyevmftsntWamoTamoTWawFhawoTWadKtyevmftawoTWamoTamoTWxevmftzevptoMthyevmftawFhievmftamoTmjftlevmftdcFWPevmftwntWbLMftaloT

29

ayUtfSHgazgrghuevoThwevmtfpgbWmgalgoEHSnthayUtfSHgrevmthijtWbWabFHmevmtfijtWMHgabFHaighxEHknthmevmftscFWbgijtWayUtfSHgmevmftljtflevmthMHgabFHmevmftnjthrevmthscFWrevmthbgyevmtfrevmthmgyevmtfwJlevmtfmgalUtfmgKaKUtfwevmtfrevmthmgajoTWlntflghiawFhxHEr

CayUtfSHgazgrghV

28

CleqToMthsghajUthV xEhaighiEWamGfljtfaxUtfakoTlMt. awoTf,xEhaighMevmtfbWxntWmgalgleqTlevmthajUthanoTWaloTh.nevmtfxntWmgleqTanoTW mOMthleqTrevmthanoTWlMt.MevmtfxntWmgleqTanoTW bWaoFHdWPevmtfoMthsghleqTajUthanoTWaloTh.wutnMtxEhaigh.PevmtfoMthsghwevmtfleqTanoTW PevmtfmgalgawFhijtWxntWdcFPevmtfamGfaxUtfbWaxUtfakoTlMth PevmtfamGfnjthbWrevmthanoTWlevmtfmentflMtawoTf,xEhaighleqToJhsghMevoTf.PevmtfmgalgawFhijtWxntWdcF,mevpthlevmtfnEkHgwevmtfaoFHamGfivmtajGaoFHPevmtf amGfaxUtfaoFHlevmthzghRHEMauoTflevmthwevmtfintlevmtfbentWanoTWaloTh.awFhapUtfPevmtfamGfnjthbWrevmthawoTWrevmthMevUtf adFhrevmthadgsghxntWaxoT adFhrevmthKHErevmthlgadFhrevmthwMtWwevmtfzevUtfanoTWaloThY

27

CmZnthjentfyevmtfMvmtV

ulalFWjeZvPtamGfxUtfkHgamGfdWbWiazgoMthsghwntWmevUtwevmtfzevphtljtfaughiHgzevpthakGlgljtfaughaoFHdWzghjeZvPtxUtfnevmtfljtfzevoTWMghljtflevmtfijtWdevPtzevpthakGlg

nntWkMtWbevPtbevptWnevmtfdWMghzghjeZvPtxUtflevmtfbWwevmtfkHgbWxEaAoTlevmtfiWdevPtbWamGfmgbvmtWzghlevmtfawoTWbWakgmevoTWrcFHazgmgbvmtWzghzghjZevPtxUtfmgscFWlghi

axoThullevmthmevpthaqoThwveoTfnMtmevpthaqoThoEhaughaqoThoEhlMtawFhwntWjyxevmtfmauoTfaloTfxntWabFhwEaAoTazgajoTf

zghaloTfMevmtfaxUthmevpthievPtaioTmevpthaqoThapUtfmghpntWakgaqoThzghjZevPtaloTfaoFHdWabFhanoTWPevmtfawoTWbWarUtamUtWiHgaloT

26

levwtWbevPtPevmtfibWawFWanFhuevoThpgadFarUtamUtWiHgabFHlevwtWlghPevmtfianoTWbWduevoThpgadFarUtamUtWlntfi

jeZvPtrevmthaloTfPevmtfawFharUtnWxevAtqevPtyUtfPevmtfnjthuevoThpgazgdWbevwtfadFhazgoMthsghzghjZevPtaloTfwEarUtnWlgh

CqevmtfayUtVmevpthlevmtfbentWpMtxntWlvmtflvmtuevmtfdcFadFhmntfakglvmtfmntfakglvmtfPevmtfakutoeqTyvmthaxUtfakoTlMtuevmtfdcFaoFHzvmth

ullevmthzHEzcHFwntWKMtfzHEwntWoEhzcHFwntWoEhlMtzHEwntWoEhwevmtfakgnnthjMtfzcHFwntWoEhamGfijtWaMUtoMth

25

Crevmthmgalg-8V

CrevmthayoThalg-8V

ientWzadglevmftxvmtWmOMthuevPtwevmtfazoTzxntWwWmghdevPtxevAtqevPtnevmtfbWyxevAtqevPtaxgamGfpMtwntWuevPtazoTdevPt

uevoThpgadFpMtmgalgleqTabFhamGfnjthayUtfSHgxevmtfqevPtmgalgnjthlghzevpthdjtfyevPtuevoThpgadFmgalglghrevPt

-evAtuevAtkevAtUevAt

-evPtuevPtkevPtUevPt

-evoTuevoTkevoTUevoT

-evoThuevoThkevoThUevoTh

-evoTWuevoTWkevoTWUevoTW

-evoTfuevoTfkevoTfUevoTf

-evwtuevwtkevwtUevwt

-evwthuevwthkevwthUevwth

-evwtWuevwtWuevwtWkevwtW

-evwtfuevwtfkevwtfUevwtf

24

CrvemthayoThalg-7V

uevutxntWlUtWnnthxEWbWljftamGfljtfxvytnjthbevptWnFhxEWaxutxntWlUtWljtflghqqmglghawFhaKutpMtxUtflgh

lvmthmevmtfneqTapoTfpjtfmghaloTxeqTqntadFhMevmtfnJzevpthajoTfmgmeqTiawFWxEhaighaAFhmgasUtfawoTWasUtfljtfazLFWazLFW

amGfamutxntWnevmtfiEWwEadKtuevutqvemtfsghqMtfzghazgajoTfanutnjtPevmtfilevmtfKjtfaAoTnjthlghadKtwevmtfadgwevmtfaxoT

jevUtflntflgharutnnthxEWabFHamGfdvytmHEnevmtfzevpthazLFWazLFWabFhnevmtfzevpthmEHamGfamutanoTWarutanoTWjevUtflghawFhkevUtaAoT

23

azutient ayutqhcF

Crvemthmgalg-7V

auKtievmtfnevutazoT MevutzHgxEh

CrevmthayoThalg-7V

a-ut a-Kt -evutauut auKt uevutakut akKt kevutaUut aUKt Uevut

revut

22

bWqevmtfaqutqMtfnuMtWuMevUtfbWiHgnevmtfzevpthakGlgxevmtfaqutaxUtfqMtfMeqTrjthazoThMevUtfbWiHgnevmtfiEWzevpthajoTf

CrevmthayoThalg-6V

levmthreqTakghzevUtfbWmgrevUtfuvytabghlghbevptWnnthxEWaboTueqTnjthxpjtWaughpgadFuWbWiKjtfamGfwntWmjtf

ueqTzghwevmtfazoTanoTWawFhkevUtzghamGfuvmtWrevUtflevmthauoTfzevUtfnevmtfljtfkevmtflMtzHEuvytrvytMevmtfljtfueqTnjthxqTnentWb

uWievmtfamghzghazgoMthauUtfuvytievUtrntyevmtfbWdWakUtfuvytievUtrntabFhamGfazUtfanoTWueqTzghwevmtfazoTmevpthievPtaioT

xxeqT

21

-qT -yt -eqT -vytuqT uyt ueqT uvytkqT kyt keqT kvytUqT Uyt UeqT Uvyt

CrevmthayoThalg-6V

Crevmthmgalg-6V

mevmtfneqT xqT kvyt

keqTazg xxeqT

20

CxakgqevmtfayUtV

1..xntWzevmtfalutuevmtfSghiEHaqoTfnEHpgrevoTWazoTlevmtfmevptaloToMthawFhbWibvmtWawFhaqoTfkMtflntfxEHiabUtWawFhaioT

3..yevmtfnEHpgivmtWasUtflvmthkMtlevmthwevmtfbntWmevmtfrcFHajoTWoMtfaMGfxntWlevmthmvytrevmthwvmtWpMtlvmthkMtiWasUtbWbvytlMt

2..nevmtfljtfawoTWlevmthdvmtfadgzevUtfylntfnevmtfilevmtfaboTWlevUtfnevmtfrevmthKEHnevmtflevmthwJrevUtnevmtfrutfabUtfnevmtfMUthlntfbevUtf

4..njtqUtfwevmtfjntfnjtwntWaoHFzjtWlntientWxUtfwntWaoFHawFWrevmthlevmtfmOMthientWxUtfqUtfaoFHnjtpientWxUtfawoTWaxoThaoFH

19

nnthmentfawFWaloTh.adFhrevmthkevPtlntfanoTW wevmtfiEWaoFHmHExUtfaoFHaloTh. mEHrEHxvmtWuMtfapoTfanoTWdWlntfxUtfxHEpMtxntWaKOFHapUtfwevmtflnthdWbWadFhMWamghxntWxUtfabFhwevmtflnthaighaloTh. axUthanoTWaighlevmtfzevUtaloTfxUtflevoTWiPevmtfamGfidevPtAWwevmtfaighwevmtfaoFHlevmtfpgaloTfaoFH MevmtfmguJlevUtfawFW MevmtfdWrevmthnnthmentfawFWlevmthwevmtfaoFHlevmtfpg aloTfxUtfwevmtf zcHFwevPtievPtmgalutxqTrevmthkLUtf,qevmftkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmtt,axUthanoTWlevmftzevUtwevmtfiEWaoHFnntWxntWzcHFwevPthievPtrevmtfkLUtfanoTW,wevmtfiEWaoFHiaoFHadKtaloTh. iaoFHaxUtflevmthrevmthkevPtanoTWzevoThievPtaoFHadKtaloTh.adFhievPtanoTWwntWKcFHaMGfwntWKcHFaqUtfakOFaoFH,dWrevmthnnthmentfawFW,axUthanoTWmEHaoFHdWlevmtfngadKtaloTh. mHErHExvmtWuMtfapoTfanoTWaMGflntfaoFHxHEdWaoFHabFhwevmtflnthaighaloTh. wevmtfaighlevmthwevmtfizLMtWlevmtfpganoTW,aloTfaoFHMevmtfmguJlevUtfawFW levmthwevmftaighnEHpganoTWaloTfrevUtxUtfwevmtf zcFHwevPtievPthmgalutoMtfrevmtfkLUtfqevmtfkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmt wevmtfaoFHaloTfrevUtxUtf, jHgjHglevmtjHgjHglHg,MevmtfmguJlevUtfawFW axUhthanoTWlevmtfzevUt,wevmtfaoHFxUtfaoHFHlevmtfpgaloTh.awoTWaxoThxUtflnthkUtnEHpganoTWiaoFHadKtaloTh. axUtfrevmthkevPtanoTWievPtazoTh adFhxHEievPtanoTWwntWKcHFaqUtfwntWKcHFakOFaoFHqevmtfsghsgh,MeqTMeqTanoTWdWaoFHlevmthrevmthaKUtfnUtf,axUtlevmtfrevmtflEh,adFhjjtflevmtffrevmtflEhanoTWaloTh.nevmtfiEWuJxntWayUtfSHgazgrghMevoTfnvemtfiEWawFhwntWaputuLutfjutfabFhrevmthixHEaighnevmtfiEWamGfnjthbWayUtfSHglevUtaKOFanoTWrjthaloThY

18

levmthwevmtfoEhkHg zLvmtfxevUtaigawoTWaoHFievUtpgaloTh.zLvmtfxevUtaigievUtpganoTW ljtfmgalgayUtfSHg revmthuvmtWbWuvmtWijtWlevmthzcHFwevPtievPthawoTWaloTh.axUthanoTWlevmtfzecUt wevmtfiEWaoFHmgalgrevmthuvmtWbWuvmtWijtWanoTW xntWbxntWaoFHievUtnentWievUtlgMvytanoTWaloTh. wevmtfiEWaoFHmgalgleqTbWnnthpgawFWanoTWaloTh.mgalgayUtfSHgwevmtfnentWyUtfanoTW bWxUtfuevmtflZntaoFHaloTh.mevmtfxUtfwevmtfkHganoTW zcHFwevPtievPtmgalutaxOFHrvemthkLUtf levmthyevmtfMntfrevmthkLUtflevmtfakoT qevmtfkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmtPevmtftmgrevmthlevmtfmentfanoTWPevmtfbWmgaoFHawFhxEHraloTh.axUthanoTWlevmtfzevUtwevmtfiEWaighievUtpganoTWpMtxUtfaoFHaloTh. pMtxUtfaxUtfaoFHlevmthxHEkLevoTWazglevmtfabUtfanoTW wevmtfaKUtfqghwevmtfiEWaoFHFdWbWxEHkLevoTWazgivePtaxFWawoTWaxoThlevmthkLvytzevUtfdWaoFHMWamghxntWaoFHwWwWalFWaloTh.axUthanoTWlevmtfzevUtwevmtfiEWaighievUtpganoTWaloTflevoTWibWnghiaoFHxEHanoTWaloTh.adFhxEHievPtanoTWwevmtfiEWaoFHwntWKcHFaMGfdWrevmth

CzcHFwevPtievPtmgalutrevmthkLUtfqevmtfkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmtV

levwthuakgmevmtfnEhalutkLgwntWawoTfmjtfnevmtfMevmtfuevoThpglghnntiEWmOMthmevmtfnEhMevoTfsutfuUtfzawoTWaoFHalutaughnevmtfmOMthsntfMvemtfmOMthzLvmtfazgDqvytakGlgadFhaqUtficHFabFhsutfawoTWoMtfxEHraighleqTlMthsevmtfKEHbWawoTWbevoTfleqTMevoTfmOMthsutfwevmtfimevUtsutfwevmtfpnthbWawoTWpvmthkevUtleqTlevmtfawoTWsutfmevmtflntfmghuevoThpgqevmtfqevPtawoTWbWlghzLvmtfsntfsutfiEWuevoThwevmtfpgmOMthyevmtfleqTMvytyevmtfbWmglntfbWwevmtfqgPevmtflevmtfmgmevpthlevmtfnEsutfmevmtflntfz

CmOMthyevmtfleqTyevmtfbWMvytMntWV

CrevmthayoThalg-5V

oUtfzcHFwevmtfaxUtfljtfalUtfalUtfzcHFwevmtfaxUtfanoTWbWyevmtfanUtscFWlntfaloTnevmtfzghauoTfMevoTfzevpthadFhoMthawoTWbWscFWbevoTf

bevptWanoTWawoTWujtWlghawFhwWwntWbWaMoTlevmtfbWrevmtfuWnevmtfbWawoTWujtWmglghoMtfwntWbWaMoTiawFhlntfbMtf

zevpthadFhoMthmgawFhievmtfamoTazoTqevUtfyevmtfamGfljtfasUtfaloTnevmtfadFhMevmtfyevmftawoTWawFhKcFHazoTqevUtfamGfaxUtfljtfalUtfalUft

azoTjjtfazoTaxUtawoTWnEHmevptzcHFzjtWlntaoFHoMthadFhzevpthzcFHwntWmevUtnevmtfbWaMGfzjtWwUtWlevoTWnevmtfiEWilevmtfKjtf

15

Crevmthmgalg-5V

bevptW

CrevmthayoThalg-5V

uevUt uevUth uevUtW uevUtfuevmt uevmth uevmtW uevmtfuevpt uevpth uevptW uevptf

zevpthadFhoMthrevmthakGf

zevpthmevptW azoTlevmtfmevpt

14

CrevmthayoThalg-4V

rHExvmtWapoTfapoTfayoThaxoThanoTWaxUtadFhaxUthanoTWbWadUtfawFWauoTflEauoTfintwntWlMtfxntWwntWlMtfivmtWiuMtWauoTfint

nEWuEWrUtawUtfbWauUtfaighsutfsWpnthawFWljtfalUtfalUtfsutfazgiEWwMtWlntflghsutfxHEknthpnthanoTWbWwMtWadgh

azoTzxntWintauoTfientWqntfazoTauoTfientWqntflgscFWlntfuvmtfauUtWlghqMtfamGfadFhmntfzcHFabUtfpWaxUtflEaxUtfint

azoTbntfazoTapoTfpjtfmghaloTwntWawoTfaloTfpjtfmgawFWaAoTuMtWljtfmgnjthxMtnnthakgxMtfayoTfanoTWxMtflghKMtfKMtf

13

Crevmthmgalg-4VauUt auUth auUtW auUtfuMt uMth uMtW uMtfauoT auoTh auoTW auoTf

CrevmthayoThalg-4V

anUthaxUtf axguMth

auoTfujtfazoT xMt

12

CrevmthayoThalg-3V

yktfzadgadghlntfxEHxktfakgalUtfzadgxntWawFWaxUtfientWxvmtWKcFHxvmtWqgzcHFqUtfzjtWzHEnentWb

pghzEHqvmthnvmtpentWzadgazgiWkvmtWabghuUtWxEhivmtWlntfpentWintadFhqgyHgljtfalUtfawFhaxUtfbWlJ

kentxntWMWzUtfkentlghawFhyUtfkentlghaxUthbntfkentlghmnthmnt

uvmtfuvmtflvmtlvmtmgabghlghamGfqvmtuvmtflghabFhlvmthaighxEhaighiEWmgawFWKcHFazgh

11

Crevmthmgalg-3V

ukt ukth uktW uktfuent uenth uentW uentfuvmt uvmth uvmtW uvmtf

CrevmthayoThalg-3V

xvmtW nentWbkent

uevmtflvmt akghiWment

10

CrevmthayoThalg-2V

untawFhadgnjthbWjjtfuntWxntWlghnnthxEWmglghawFhMStamGfkmthzghkmth

xntWmWbWawFWmgbmtWawFWanFhakghbWlghuSthnnthxEWkmtWnjthbWlghjjtfnnthxEW

untWlntflghzcHFzadgpntfmjtWkMtfpjtfmHgdWajGlntfxmtWlntflghiaughwevmftpgzHElcFhzcHFxHgaxUthnUtWlgh

sutfsWpnthmgawFWKcHFKntfkHgjcFhMHgdWbWrvemthzntfwJlntflghsutfsWnnthxEWjcFMHgkevoTWdWbWpjtfpjtf

9

CrevmthayoThalg 2V

dntfxWzmtW

rmtWwntWrcHFlmthlnthrEHnntf

Crevmthmgalg-2V

-St -nt -mtuSt uSth uStW uStfunt unth untW untfumt umth umtW umtf

8

uUtflFoWnFnEhuUtfkjtMWnEhzFhkjtjghkjtmjtWuUtfzbWiawFW

ujtfuEWuUtfbWawFWmgawFhpjtfbWlMtMUthlFbWpFWakgawFWjUtWasghjUtWasGfbWawFW

aighxntWrUtnFhxEWrUtlEdcFmgawFWujtfjEjWlFiawFWmguUtWbWnghKjtf

CrevmthayoThalg-1VqutfbWlevoTWiawFWrFHazgxutflFrutfazgiEWmgawFWKcFHkuthxntWinFhxEW

7

Crevmthmgalg-1V-ut -Ut -jt

uut uuth uutW uutfuUt uUth uUtW uUtfujt ujth ujtW ujtf

CrevmthayoThalg-1V

rUt

zUtWiWkjt

qutWoEh jjtfiUt

6

CleqTaioTwevmtfxUtf-3V

CleqTaioTwevmtfxUtf-2V

-ent-vmta-Ut-Mta-oT-evUt-evmt

uentuvmtauUtuMtauoTuevUtuevmtuevpt-evpt

-ut uut

unt-mt-kt

-Ut-jt-St-nt

uUtujtuSt

umtukt

-qT -yt -eqT -vyt a-ut a-Kt -evut -evAt -evPt -evoThfW -evwthfW

uqT uyt ueqT uvyt auut auKt uevut uevAt uevPt uevoThfW uevwthfW

5

CleqTaioTwevmtfazoTV

CkevmtfanUthV

-Z-O-LD--T-t

yvytMqTyvytoqTyvytlqTRevPtMqTlntfazglntfadg

levUtnEHievUtlEhMMth

12345

678910

KcHFanOFHKevoTWkEOhlevmtfrEH

4

CleqTaioTwevmtfxUtfV

-ca--J-G-F-f

ievmtfaoFuLcFdeOvPtievmftaoFarFrFHdeOvPtivytzaxoTqFhyEHzaxoTivytsevoTf

dOevPtivytqFyEHivytlntfivytyEqFWdOevPtqFuFWlEasUtfanghrv

-g

---W

-e-E-v

H

H

uuuuu kkkkkqqqqqSSSSS

jjjjjUUUUU

MMMMMmmmmmzzzzzxxxxx nnnnn sssss

yyyyyPPPPPpppppiiiiioooooRRRRR

lllll

rrrrr

KKKKK AAAAA dddddbbbbbwwwww

CleqTamGfsghV

3

CazgiWleqTlevmtfrntwevmtfpnthV

CrevmtfkLUtflevmthMHgVleqTlevmftaxoTflevmtfbentWMevoTfbWrevmthlMthiMtaMGfpjtfwevmtflevmthzLvmtfoMthsghwevmtfrevmthmgalgwevmtfpnthaloTh. abFhaighzLvmtflevmthwevmtfaiUtWalgleqTamGfijtWamGfaMoTwevmtfpnthanoTWrevmthauOFlntfrntdWrevmthabFhsutfpcHFpgwevmtfaighaloTh. zLvmtflevmthwevmtfauOFxntWleqTMevoTfrevUtmevptlghlevmthzLvmtfamGfwMtWadghijtWxUtfwevmtfkeLvoTWanoTWuevmtflutfmgalgxUtfaloTh.levmthrevmthanoTWwevmtfajUtfabFhaighrevmthmgalglevmthkUtiEWmOMthpjtf,abFhaighDrHgmgalgwevmtfzLMthamGfijtWaMoTamGfzLMtWwevmtfpnthanoTWrevmtflMthiMtaMGfpjtfzLvmtfoJhsghleqTlevmtfbentWMevoTfanoTW bWrevmthbZntfpjtfxntWwevmtfmOMthpjft,revmthmgwWxntWwevmtfmOMthpjtf awFhawoTWakoTamGfiKOEHaoFHlevmthzLvmtfamGfmgabghmgrevmtfwevmtflnthawoTWaoFHdevPtanoTWaloThY

2

(zLvmftoJhsghwevmftleqTayoThalgazgiWwevmftrntwvemftpnhth)

bWrvemthawoTWujtWlMthiMtpjftwvemftlevmthievmftmentxEhyevUfttauoTf.zcFHwJmOEdvmftaxoTnjt

ievmftmentxEhDqgzcFHlvmthMevUftazoT

leqTMevoTfbWrevmthwevwftlnftxvmthalgwevmftlevmthayUftSHgakguLevUftielevmftzWanoTWaloTh.

1