First Stander Text Book
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Transcript of First Stander Text Book
31
ClevmftoevPtnjtjnftrevUtV
lEwcFWicFWlnftdvmftalutzevUftazoTwWmenftzxntWnevUtmevUtwWpgwWmenftwntWKcFHrevUftzevmftuvmftmgnjthlevmthizevUftazglEwWpgmevmftuevmftMevUtalUftwntWKcFHyevmftbWijtWMHgabFHaighnjtaighaloTfyevmftmHgwntWKcFHientWazoTakgalUftuLgientWazoTpjftlevmthwevmftjnftwWzevmftuvmftqUftdvmftakLghlnftlghkHgbWjnftxEHanoTWawFhzadFhazgadFhlEuevoThwevmftpg
njtjnftrevUtyevmftamGfwntWbW
30
CbWwJalgixevUtzevpthoMthV
iOEWlevmftabUftyevmftxevUtzevpthoMthyevmftbWwMtWalgyevmftinMtzLvmftawFhmgnevUftbWwevmftoMthwevmftzevpthlevmftakoTxvmthlevmftuMtWzLvmftawFhmgnevUftwevmftzevpthadKtwevmftoMthakoTxvmthuMtWawFWaAoTzevmftaqUftaiUtxEhwevmftkHganoTWyevmftpMtzevUftilevmftabUftaloTulwntWncFhwevmftkHganoTWyevmftwntWamGfncFhlevmftpgaloTzevpthxEHzghoMthabghxntWiHgoMthxEHzghzevpthabghxntWlghawFhsntWadKtyevmftsntWamoTamoTWawFhawoTWadKtyevmftawoTWamoTamoTWxevmftzevptoMthyevmftawFhievmftamoTmjftlevmftdcFWPevmftwntWbLMftaloT
29
ayUtfSHgazgrghuevoThwevmtfpgbWmgalgoEHSnthayUtfSHgrevmthijtWbWabFHmevmtfijtWMHgabFHaighxEHknthmevmftscFWbgijtWayUtfSHgmevmftljtflevmthMHgabFHmevmftnjthrevmthscFWrevmthbgyevmtfrevmthmgyevmtfwJlevmtfmgalUtfmgKaKUtfwevmtfrevmthmgajoTWlntflghiawFhxHEr
CayUtfSHgazgrghV
28
CleqToMthsghajUthV xEhaighiEWamGfljtfaxUtfakoTlMt. awoTf,xEhaighMevmtfbWxntWmgalgleqTlevmthajUthanoTWaloTh.nevmtfxntWmgleqTanoTW mOMthleqTrevmthanoTWlMt.MevmtfxntWmgleqTanoTW bWaoFHdWPevmtfoMthsghleqTajUthanoTWaloTh.wutnMtxEhaigh.PevmtfoMthsghwevmtfleqTanoTW PevmtfmgalgawFhijtWxntWdcFPevmtfamGfaxUtfbWaxUtfakoTlMth PevmtfamGfnjthbWrevmthanoTWlevmtfmentflMtawoTf,xEhaighleqToJhsghMevoTf.PevmtfmgalgawFhijtWxntWdcF,mevpthlevmtfnEkHgwevmtfaoFHamGfivmtajGaoFHPevmtf amGfaxUtfaoFHlevmthzghRHEMauoTflevmthwevmtfintlevmtfbentWanoTWaloTh.awFhapUtfPevmtfamGfnjthbWrevmthawoTWrevmthMevUtf adFhrevmthadgsghxntWaxoT adFhrevmthKHErevmthlgadFhrevmthwMtWwevmtfzevUtfanoTWaloThY
27
CmZnthjentfyevmtfMvmtV
ulalFWjeZvPtamGfxUtfkHgamGfdWbWiazgoMthsghwntWmevUtwevmtfzevphtljtfaughiHgzevpthakGlgljtfaughaoFHdWzghjeZvPtxUtfnevmtfljtfzevoTWMghljtflevmtfijtWdevPtzevpthakGlg
nntWkMtWbevPtbevptWnevmtfdWMghzghjeZvPtxUtflevmtfbWwevmtfkHgbWxEaAoTlevmtfiWdevPtbWamGfmgbvmtWzghlevmtfawoTWbWakgmevoTWrcFHazgmgbvmtWzghzghjZevPtxUtfmgscFWlghi
axoThullevmthmevpthaqoThwveoTfnMtmevpthaqoThoEhaughaqoThoEhlMtawFhwntWjyxevmtfmauoTfaloTfxntWabFhwEaAoTazgajoTf
zghaloTfMevmtfaxUthmevpthievPtaioTmevpthaqoThapUtfmghpntWakgaqoThzghjZevPtaloTfaoFHdWabFhanoTWPevmtfawoTWbWarUtamUtWiHgaloT
26
levwtWbevPtPevmtfibWawFWanFhuevoThpgadFarUtamUtWiHgabFHlevwtWlghPevmtfianoTWbWduevoThpgadFarUtamUtWlntfi
jeZvPtrevmthaloTfPevmtfawFharUtnWxevAtqevPtyUtfPevmtfnjthuevoThpgazgdWbevwtfadFhazgoMthsghzghjZevPtaloTfwEarUtnWlgh
CqevmtfayUtVmevpthlevmtfbentWpMtxntWlvmtflvmtuevmtfdcFadFhmntfakglvmtfmntfakglvmtfPevmtfakutoeqTyvmthaxUtfakoTlMtuevmtfdcFaoFHzvmth
ullevmthzHEzcHFwntWKMtfzHEwntWoEhzcHFwntWoEhlMtzHEwntWoEhwevmtfakgnnthjMtfzcHFwntWoEhamGfijtWaMUtoMth
25
Crevmthmgalg-8V
CrevmthayoThalg-8V
ientWzadglevmftxvmtWmOMthuevPtwevmtfazoTzxntWwWmghdevPtxevAtqevPtnevmtfbWyxevAtqevPtaxgamGfpMtwntWuevPtazoTdevPt
uevoThpgadFpMtmgalgleqTabFhamGfnjthayUtfSHgxevmtfqevPtmgalgnjthlghzevpthdjtfyevPtuevoThpgadFmgalglghrevPt
-evAtuevAtkevAtUevAt
-evPtuevPtkevPtUevPt
-evoTuevoTkevoTUevoT
-evoThuevoThkevoThUevoTh
-evoTWuevoTWkevoTWUevoTW
-evoTfuevoTfkevoTfUevoTf
-evwtuevwtkevwtUevwt
-evwthuevwthkevwthUevwth
-evwtWuevwtWuevwtWkevwtW
-evwtfuevwtfkevwtfUevwtf
24
CrvemthayoThalg-7V
uevutxntWlUtWnnthxEWbWljftamGfljtfxvytnjthbevptWnFhxEWaxutxntWlUtWljtflghqqmglghawFhaKutpMtxUtflgh
lvmthmevmtfneqTapoTfpjtfmghaloTxeqTqntadFhMevmtfnJzevpthajoTfmgmeqTiawFWxEhaighaAFhmgasUtfawoTWasUtfljtfazLFWazLFW
amGfamutxntWnevmtfiEWwEadKtuevutqvemtfsghqMtfzghazgajoTfanutnjtPevmtfilevmtfKjtfaAoTnjthlghadKtwevmtfadgwevmtfaxoT
jevUtflntflgharutnnthxEWabFHamGfdvytmHEnevmtfzevpthazLFWazLFWabFhnevmtfzevpthmEHamGfamutanoTWarutanoTWjevUtflghawFhkevUtaAoT
23
azutient ayutqhcF
Crvemthmgalg-7V
auKtievmtfnevutazoT MevutzHgxEh
CrevmthayoThalg-7V
a-ut a-Kt -evutauut auKt uevutakut akKt kevutaUut aUKt Uevut
revut
22
bWqevmtfaqutqMtfnuMtWuMevUtfbWiHgnevmtfzevpthakGlgxevmtfaqutaxUtfqMtfMeqTrjthazoThMevUtfbWiHgnevmtfiEWzevpthajoTf
CrevmthayoThalg-6V
levmthreqTakghzevUtfbWmgrevUtfuvytabghlghbevptWnnthxEWaboTueqTnjthxpjtWaughpgadFuWbWiKjtfamGfwntWmjtf
ueqTzghwevmtfazoTanoTWawFhkevUtzghamGfuvmtWrevUtflevmthauoTfzevUtfnevmtfljtfkevmtflMtzHEuvytrvytMevmtfljtfueqTnjthxqTnentWb
uWievmtfamghzghazgoMthauUtfuvytievUtrntyevmtfbWdWakUtfuvytievUtrntabFhamGfazUtfanoTWueqTzghwevmtfazoTmevpthievPtaioT
xxeqT
21
-qT -yt -eqT -vytuqT uyt ueqT uvytkqT kyt keqT kvytUqT Uyt UeqT Uvyt
CrevmthayoThalg-6V
Crevmthmgalg-6V
mevmtfneqT xqT kvyt
keqTazg xxeqT
20
CxakgqevmtfayUtV
1..xntWzevmtfalutuevmtfSghiEHaqoTfnEHpgrevoTWazoTlevmtfmevptaloToMthawFhbWibvmtWawFhaqoTfkMtflntfxEHiabUtWawFhaioT
3..yevmtfnEHpgivmtWasUtflvmthkMtlevmthwevmtfbntWmevmtfrcFHajoTWoMtfaMGfxntWlevmthmvytrevmthwvmtWpMtlvmthkMtiWasUtbWbvytlMt
2..nevmtfljtfawoTWlevmthdvmtfadgzevUtfylntfnevmtfilevmtfaboTWlevUtfnevmtfrevmthKEHnevmtflevmthwJrevUtnevmtfrutfabUtfnevmtfMUthlntfbevUtf
4..njtqUtfwevmtfjntfnjtwntWaoHFzjtWlntientWxUtfwntWaoFHawFWrevmthlevmtfmOMthientWxUtfqUtfaoFHnjtpientWxUtfawoTWaxoThaoFH
19
nnthmentfawFWaloTh.adFhrevmthkevPtlntfanoTW wevmtfiEWaoFHmHExUtfaoFHaloTh. mEHrEHxvmtWuMtfapoTfanoTWdWlntfxUtfxHEpMtxntWaKOFHapUtfwevmtflnthdWbWadFhMWamghxntWxUtfabFhwevmtflnthaighaloTh. axUthanoTWaighlevmtfzevUtaloTfxUtflevoTWiPevmtfamGfidevPtAWwevmtfaighwevmtfaoFHlevmtfpgaloTfaoFH MevmtfmguJlevUtfawFW MevmtfdWrevmthnnthmentfawFWlevmthwevmtfaoFHlevmtfpg aloTfxUtfwevmtf zcHFwevPtievPtmgalutxqTrevmthkLUtf,qevmftkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmtt,axUthanoTWlevmftzevUtwevmtfiEWaoHFnntWxntWzcHFwevPthievPtrevmtfkLUtfanoTW,wevmtfiEWaoFHiaoFHadKtaloTh. iaoFHaxUtflevmthrevmthkevPtanoTWzevoThievPtaoFHadKtaloTh.adFhievPtanoTWwntWKcFHaMGfwntWKcHFaqUtfakOFaoFH,dWrevmthnnthmentfawFW,axUthanoTWmEHaoFHdWlevmtfngadKtaloTh. mHErHExvmtWuMtfapoTfanoTWaMGflntfaoFHxHEdWaoFHabFhwevmtflnthaighaloTh. wevmtfaighlevmthwevmtfizLMtWlevmtfpganoTW,aloTfaoFHMevmtfmguJlevUtfawFW levmthwevmftaighnEHpganoTWaloTfrevUtxUtfwevmtf zcFHwevPtievPthmgalutoMtfrevmtfkLUtfqevmtfkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmt wevmtfaoFHaloTfrevUtxUtf, jHgjHglevmtjHgjHglHg,MevmtfmguJlevUtfawFW axUhthanoTWlevmtfzevUt,wevmtfaoHFxUtfaoHFHlevmtfpgaloTh.awoTWaxoThxUtflnthkUtnEHpganoTWiaoFHadKtaloTh. axUtfrevmthkevPtanoTWievPtazoTh adFhxHEievPtanoTWwntWKcHFaqUtfwntWKcHFakOFaoFHqevmtfsghsgh,MeqTMeqTanoTWdWaoFHlevmthrevmthaKUtfnUtf,axUtlevmtfrevmtflEh,adFhjjtflevmtffrevmtflEhanoTWaloTh.nevmtfiEWuJxntWayUtfSHgazgrghMevoTfnvemtfiEWawFhwntWaputuLutfjutfabFhrevmthixHEaighnevmtfiEWamGfnjthbWayUtfSHglevUtaKOFanoTWrjthaloThY
18
levmthwevmtfoEhkHg zLvmtfxevUtaigawoTWaoHFievUtpgaloTh.zLvmtfxevUtaigievUtpganoTW ljtfmgalgayUtfSHg revmthuvmtWbWuvmtWijtWlevmthzcHFwevPtievPthawoTWaloTh.axUthanoTWlevmtfzecUt wevmtfiEWaoFHmgalgrevmthuvmtWbWuvmtWijtWanoTW xntWbxntWaoFHievUtnentWievUtlgMvytanoTWaloTh. wevmtfiEWaoFHmgalgleqTbWnnthpgawFWanoTWaloTh.mgalgayUtfSHgwevmtfnentWyUtfanoTW bWxUtfuevmtflZntaoFHaloTh.mevmtfxUtfwevmtfkHganoTW zcHFwevPtievPtmgalutaxOFHrvemthkLUtf levmthyevmtfMntfrevmthkLUtflevmtfakoT qevmtfkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmtPevmtftmgrevmthlevmtfmentfanoTWPevmtfbWmgaoFHawFhxEHraloTh.axUthanoTWlevmtfzevUtwevmtfiEWaighievUtpganoTWpMtxUtfaoFHaloTh. pMtxUtfaxUtfaoFHlevmthxHEkLevoTWazglevmtfabUtfanoTW wevmtfaKUtfqghwevmtfiEWaoFHFdWbWxEHkLevoTWazgivePtaxFWawoTWaxoThlevmthkLvytzevUtfdWaoFHMWamghxntWaoFHwWwWalFWaloTh.axUthanoTWlevmtfzevUtwevmtfiEWaighievUtpganoTWaloTflevoTWibWnghiaoFHxEHanoTWaloTh.adFhxEHievPtanoTWwevmtfiEWaoFHwntWKcHFaMGfdWrevmth
CzcHFwevPtievPtmgalutrevmthkLUtfqevmtfkvlvmtMStfjHgjHglvmtV
levwthuakgmevmtfnEhalutkLgwntWawoTfmjtfnevmtfMevmtfuevoThpglghnntiEWmOMthmevmtfnEhMevoTfsutfuUtfzawoTWaoFHalutaughnevmtfmOMthsntfMvemtfmOMthzLvmtfazgDqvytakGlgadFhaqUtficHFabFhsutfawoTWoMtfxEHraighleqTlMthsevmtfKEHbWawoTWbevoTfleqTMevoTfmOMthsutfwevmtfimevUtsutfwevmtfpnthbWawoTWpvmthkevUtleqTlevmtfawoTWsutfmevmtflntfmghuevoThpgqevmtfqevPtawoTWbWlghzLvmtfsntfsutfiEWuevoThwevmtfpgmOMthyevmtfleqTMvytyevmtfbWmglntfbWwevmtfqgPevmtflevmtfmgmevpthlevmtfnEsutfmevmtflntfz
CmOMthyevmtfleqTyevmtfbWMvytMntWV
CrevmthayoThalg-5V
oUtfzcHFwevmtfaxUtfljtfalUtfalUtfzcHFwevmtfaxUtfanoTWbWyevmtfanUtscFWlntfaloTnevmtfzghauoTfMevoTfzevpthadFhoMthawoTWbWscFWbevoTf
bevptWanoTWawoTWujtWlghawFhwWwntWbWaMoTlevmtfbWrevmtfuWnevmtfbWawoTWujtWmglghoMtfwntWbWaMoTiawFhlntfbMtf
zevpthadFhoMthmgawFhievmtfamoTazoTqevUtfyevmtfamGfljtfasUtfaloTnevmtfadFhMevmtfyevmftawoTWawFhKcFHazoTqevUtfamGfaxUtfljtfalUtfalUft
azoTjjtfazoTaxUtawoTWnEHmevptzcHFzjtWlntaoFHoMthadFhzevpthzcFHwntWmevUtnevmtfbWaMGfzjtWwUtWlevoTWnevmtfiEWilevmtfKjtf
15
Crevmthmgalg-5V
bevptW
CrevmthayoThalg-5V
uevUt uevUth uevUtW uevUtfuevmt uevmth uevmtW uevmtfuevpt uevpth uevptW uevptf
zevpthadFhoMthrevmthakGf
zevpthmevptW azoTlevmtfmevpt
14
CrevmthayoThalg-4V
rHExvmtWapoTfapoTfayoThaxoThanoTWaxUtadFhaxUthanoTWbWadUtfawFWauoTflEauoTfintwntWlMtfxntWwntWlMtfivmtWiuMtWauoTfint
nEWuEWrUtawUtfbWauUtfaighsutfsWpnthawFWljtfalUtfalUtfsutfazgiEWwMtWlntflghsutfxHEknthpnthanoTWbWwMtWadgh
azoTzxntWintauoTfientWqntfazoTauoTfientWqntflgscFWlntfuvmtfauUtWlghqMtfamGfadFhmntfzcHFabUtfpWaxUtflEaxUtfint
azoTbntfazoTapoTfpjtfmghaloTwntWawoTfaloTfpjtfmgawFWaAoTuMtWljtfmgnjthxMtnnthakgxMtfayoTfanoTWxMtflghKMtfKMtf
13
Crevmthmgalg-4VauUt auUth auUtW auUtfuMt uMth uMtW uMtfauoT auoTh auoTW auoTf
CrevmthayoThalg-4V
anUthaxUtf axguMth
auoTfujtfazoT xMt
12
CrevmthayoThalg-3V
yktfzadgadghlntfxEHxktfakgalUtfzadgxntWawFWaxUtfientWxvmtWKcFHxvmtWqgzcHFqUtfzjtWzHEnentWb
pghzEHqvmthnvmtpentWzadgazgiWkvmtWabghuUtWxEhivmtWlntfpentWintadFhqgyHgljtfalUtfawFhaxUtfbWlJ
kentxntWMWzUtfkentlghawFhyUtfkentlghaxUthbntfkentlghmnthmnt
uvmtfuvmtflvmtlvmtmgabghlghamGfqvmtuvmtflghabFhlvmthaighxEhaighiEWmgawFWKcHFazgh
11
Crevmthmgalg-3V
ukt ukth uktW uktfuent uenth uentW uentfuvmt uvmth uvmtW uvmtf
CrevmthayoThalg-3V
xvmtW nentWbkent
uevmtflvmt akghiWment
10
CrevmthayoThalg-2V
untawFhadgnjthbWjjtfuntWxntWlghnnthxEWmglghawFhMStamGfkmthzghkmth
xntWmWbWawFWmgbmtWawFWanFhakghbWlghuSthnnthxEWkmtWnjthbWlghjjtfnnthxEW
untWlntflghzcHFzadgpntfmjtWkMtfpjtfmHgdWajGlntfxmtWlntflghiaughwevmftpgzHElcFhzcHFxHgaxUthnUtWlgh
sutfsWpnthmgawFWKcHFKntfkHgjcFhMHgdWbWrvemthzntfwJlntflghsutfsWnnthxEWjcFMHgkevoTWdWbWpjtfpjtf
9
CrevmthayoThalg 2V
dntfxWzmtW
rmtWwntWrcHFlmthlnthrEHnntf
Crevmthmgalg-2V
-St -nt -mtuSt uSth uStW uStfunt unth untW untfumt umth umtW umtf
8
uUtflFoWnFnEhuUtfkjtMWnEhzFhkjtjghkjtmjtWuUtfzbWiawFW
ujtfuEWuUtfbWawFWmgawFhpjtfbWlMtMUthlFbWpFWakgawFWjUtWasghjUtWasGfbWawFW
aighxntWrUtnFhxEWrUtlEdcFmgawFWujtfjEjWlFiawFWmguUtWbWnghKjtf
CrevmthayoThalg-1VqutfbWlevoTWiawFWrFHazgxutflFrutfazgiEWmgawFWKcFHkuthxntWinFhxEW
7
Crevmthmgalg-1V-ut -Ut -jt
uut uuth uutW uutfuUt uUth uUtW uUtfujt ujth ujtW ujtf
CrevmthayoThalg-1V
rUt
zUtWiWkjt
qutWoEh jjtfiUt
6
CleqTaioTwevmtfxUtf-3V
CleqTaioTwevmtfxUtf-2V
-ent-vmta-Ut-Mta-oT-evUt-evmt
uentuvmtauUtuMtauoTuevUtuevmtuevpt-evpt
-ut uut
unt-mt-kt
-Ut-jt-St-nt
uUtujtuSt
umtukt
-qT -yt -eqT -vyt a-ut a-Kt -evut -evAt -evPt -evoThfW -evwthfW
uqT uyt ueqT uvyt auut auKt uevut uevAt uevPt uevoThfW uevwthfW
5
CleqTaioTwevmtfazoTV
CkevmtfanUthV
-Z-O-LD--T-t
yvytMqTyvytoqTyvytlqTRevPtMqTlntfazglntfadg
levUtnEHievUtlEhMMth
12345
678910
KcHFanOFHKevoTWkEOhlevmtfrEH
4
CleqTaioTwevmtfxUtfV
-ca--J-G-F-f
ievmtfaoFuLcFdeOvPtievmftaoFarFrFHdeOvPtivytzaxoTqFhyEHzaxoTivytsevoTf
dOevPtivytqFyEHivytlntfivytyEqFWdOevPtqFuFWlEasUtfanghrv
-g
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CleqTamGfsghV
3
CazgiWleqTlevmtfrntwevmtfpnthV
CrevmtfkLUtflevmthMHgVleqTlevmftaxoTflevmtfbentWMevoTfbWrevmthlMthiMtaMGfpjtfwevmtflevmthzLvmtfoMthsghwevmtfrevmthmgalgwevmtfpnthaloTh. abFhaighzLvmtflevmthwevmtfaiUtWalgleqTamGfijtWamGfaMoTwevmtfpnthanoTWrevmthauOFlntfrntdWrevmthabFhsutfpcHFpgwevmtfaighaloTh. zLvmtflevmthwevmtfauOFxntWleqTMevoTfrevUtmevptlghlevmthzLvmtfamGfwMtWadghijtWxUtfwevmtfkeLvoTWanoTWuevmtflutfmgalgxUtfaloTh.levmthrevmthanoTWwevmtfajUtfabFhaighrevmthmgalglevmthkUtiEWmOMthpjtf,abFhaighDrHgmgalgwevmtfzLMthamGfijtWaMoTamGfzLMtWwevmtfpnthanoTWrevmtflMthiMtaMGfpjtfzLvmtfoJhsghleqTlevmtfbentWMevoTfanoTW bWrevmthbZntfpjtfxntWwevmtfmOMthpjft,revmthmgwWxntWwevmtfmOMthpjtf awFhawoTWakoTamGfiKOEHaoFHlevmthzLvmtfamGfmgabghmgrevmtfwevmtflnthawoTWaoFHdevPtanoTWaloThY
2
(zLvmftoJhsghwevmftleqTayoThalgazgiWwevmftrntwvemftpnhth)
bWrvemthawoTWujtWlMthiMtpjftwvemftlevmthievmftmentxEhyevUfttauoTf.zcFHwJmOEdvmftaxoTnjt
ievmftmentxEhDqgzcFHlvmthMevUftazoT
leqTMevoTfbWrevmthwevwftlnftxvmthalgwevmftlevmthayUftSHgakguLevUftielevmftzWanoTWaloTh.
1