Conception to Birth

Conception

• In order to become pregnant an egg must be fertilised by sperm.

• When sperm is ejaculated from the penis it swims towards the cervix, through the fallopian tube until they meet an egg.

• The sperm then fertilises the egg (CONCEPTION)

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvanNDQhlYI• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kGN2dcjNUY&feature=fvwrel

Ovulation and Fertilization

• In the female, one of the ovaries produces an egg every 28 days. This is called ovulation.

• During sexual intercourse millions of sperm are ejaculated into the vagina.

• If a sperm meets the egg, the sperm’s nucleus can join with the egg’s nucleus.

• This fusing of the nuclei is called fertilization.

Conception

Length of Pregnancy

Pregnancy is divided in to three trimesters1-3 months 4-6 months7-9 months

Signs and SymptomsPregnancy – 40 weeksA missing menstrual periodMorning sickness and

nauseaFrequent urinationCravingsBreasts enlargeFatigue and dizziness

A simple urine test from the doctor will show whether or not a woman is pregnant.

Call the doctor if any of the following occur:

Vaginal bleedingSharp abdominal pain or crampingLoss of fluid from the vaginaSevere or prolonged nausea or vomitingFrequent dizzy spellsPainful urinationHigh fever over 100 degrees F.Vaginal discharge that is irritating

Other considerations:

No medications, including over-the counter drugs, unless approved by your doctor.

No drugs or alcohol.No x-rays.No saunas and hot tubs.No vaccinations during

pregnancy.Avoid cats, cattle, sheep and

pigs. They have a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis.

ZYGOTEA single sperm penetrates the

mother's egg cell, and the resulting cell is called a zygote.

Begins when egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube.

Ends 2 weeks later when the

zygote is implanted in the

wall of the uterus.The zygote contains all of the

genetic information (DNA) necessary to become a child.

Half of the genetic information comes from the mother’s egg and half from the father’s sperm

Upon implantation, complex connections between the mother and embryo develop to form the placenta.

The embryo may float freely in the uterus for about 48 hours before implanting.

EMBRYOThe cells of the embryo now multiply

and begin to take on specific functions. This process is called differentiation. It leads to the various cell types that make up a human being (such as blood cells, kidney cells, and nerve cells).

There is rapid growth, and the baby's main external features begin to take form. It is during this critical period (most of the first trimester) that the growing baby is most susceptible to damage.

From 3 to 8 weeks after

conception.

Body parts are formed during

this period.

By the end of the first month, the embryo is about 1/4 of an inch long.

The heart, no larger than a poppy seed, has begun beating

Head, mouth, liver, and intestines begin to take shape.

1 Month

Label Key:•1. midbrain•2. forebrain•3. umbilical cord•4. hindbrain•5. neck•6. heart•7. left upper limb bud

All ages referenced to fertilization, not last menstrual period.

0

The embryo grows to about 1-1.5 inches long

Veins are clearly visible. The placenta is already

nourishing the baby through the umbilical cord.

The heart has divided into right and left chambers.

Most vital organs are developed.

Muscles and bones begin to form

2 Months

Starting at eight weeks, your baby is called a fetus.

By the end of the first trimester, the fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully formed.

He has begun swallowing and kicking.

All organs and muscles have formed and are

beginning to function. The arms, legs, hand, and fingers are fully developed.

The nails on his fingers and toes are starting to develop.

3 Months

Your first photograph was probably taken when you were10-12 weeks old.

You already looked human and you were about to start gaining mass faster than you ever will again.

Your first photo?

Your head diameter was measured to check your age and make sure you were growing properly.

Skin – Every woman’s body reacts differently to pregnancy.Oily, dry or scalyStretch marksFacial skin may darken

EmotionsNeed a few extra breaks

or time to relax.May experience mood

swings, depression and bad dreams.

Feel baby’s movements

Your baby is about 5 inches long (4 ounces)

The first outlines of the face are showing.

Hands and feet become well formed

This is when many mothers feel their baby's first thrilling kick.

4 Months

The eyelids are closed this monthand stay closed until the end of thetrimester. As the fetus grows, thebody has proportions more like ababy’s, especially near the end ofthe fourth month.

By the end of this month, your baby will be nearly 6-8 inches long and weigh almost 12-16 ounces.

covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo.

heartbeat can be heard clearly.

Baby will wake and sleep regularly

Turns,stretches,kicksThe skull bones are the most

important bones being developed at this time.

5 Months

1.5-2 lbs – 9 inchesTiny eyebrows and eyelids

are visible. There is a lot of evidence to

show that the baby can hear the outside world.

Your baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has started to practice breathing movements.

If you talk or sing, he can hear you.

Fingerprints are formed.

6 Months

Abdomen enlargesFatigue is commonExpectant fathers

take more interest because they can feel the baby move.

Baby moves a lot A mother should feel

the baby move every couple of hours. If not, she should call her doctor.

Discomforts that might be

experienced

HeartburnShortness of breathHeart palpitationsLeg crampsRound ligament pains

baby weighs about 2.5-3 pounds and is about 10-12 inches long.

Can suck its thumbHis body is well

formed. Fingernails cover his

fingertips.

7 Months

Will gain 2-3 lbs this month or about half a pound per week, and layers of fat are piling on under his skin.

baby has probably turned head-down in preparation for his coming birth.

The baby weighs between 4 and 6 pounds.

8 Months

Your baby is 6 to 9 pounds and measures somewhere between 19 and 22 inches.

The lungs develop in preparation for breathing and the head is now head-down. As he becomes more crowded, you may feel him move around less.

The last few weeks, the baby “drops” in preparation for delivery – giving the mother a little breathing space.

9 Months

Ready to be born 38-40 weeks

Baby’s Arrival

Danger Signals Call the doctor if any of these problems occur.

Vaginal bleedingSharp abdominal

pain/crampingLoss of fluidFrequent dizzy spellsVisual disturbancesNausea or vomiting

Sudden and excessive swelling of face, hands, and feet

HeadacheBurning, painful

urinationFeverVaginal discharge

Weight gain during pregnancy25-30 pounds

Baby – 7 ½ to 10 poundsPlacenta – 1 ½ poundsUterus – 2 to 2.5 poundsAmniotic fluid – 1 ½ to 2 poundsExtra blood and other fluid – 4 -8 poundsBreast tissue – 3 poundsMaternal stores of protein/ fat – 4-8

pounds

The babies support system

Find out what each of the following are and do for the baby, use the next slide to help you draw out the diagram

Uterus wall

Amniotic sac

Cervical mucus

cervix

Amniotic fluid

Umbilical cord

Placenta

Draw out the diagram and explain what each one is/for

Pregnancy IssuesToxemiaEctopic PregnancyStillbornSpontaneous Abortion

Home work

Design a fact sheet that instructs a year 7 child about puberty. Give advice on periods, what to expect, what can be used, activities that you may still do. Etc

Include a problem page.