Exercise Telecenter to Bridge the Digital Divide –

from the ICT Point of View

Dr. Han-Chieh Chao Professor & Chair, Dept. of EE

National Dong Hwa University

E-mail: hcc@mail.ndhu.edu.tw

Past Trend…

1. H. B. Chen, H. C. Chao and David Lin “An Alternative Method for Connection Between TANet,” TANet’95 Proceedings, Chungli Taiwan﹐ ﹐F18-F25, Oct. 23-24

A way to provide NAT through Modem Dialup2. C. Y. Lin, H. B. Chen, H. C. Chao, Su Chang, and Michelle T. Ka

o, "An Authentication Method for Securing the Consistency between Remote Access Servers and E-mail Servers Accounts," 1997 International Conference on Computer Systems Technology for Industrial Applications -- Internet and Multimedia (CSIA’97), Hsinchu, Taiwan, pp. 234-238, April 23-25, 1997.

Radius Appliations3. Han C. Chao, Wei-Ming Chen, H. B. Chen and Michelle Kao, “Th

e Economical Multi-link Internet (Intranet) Access Solutions for Medium-Small Business, Rural Educational Institutes and Native Taiwanese Communities in Taiwan” Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST’98), Chicago, USA, pp. 273-280, April 3-5, 1998.

NT based Modem “Trunk Mode”

Deployment Example

1998

NDHU

Technical Diagram(I)

Ethernet

WorkstationWorkstation

Workstation

Terminal Server Terminal ServerTerminal Server

Modem Modem Modem ModemModem Modem

....... ...... .........

... ... .... .... .... .....

cc.ndhu.edu.tw

cc5.ndhu.edu.tw ws1-sun.ndhu.edu.tw

16 lines 16 lines 16 lines

IBM Compatible Modem

Terminal server

Data

Data

Workstation

Remote User

PSTN

LivingstonPortMaster

CommunicationServer

RADIUSServer

ACE/Server

Public SwitchedTelehone Network

Technical Diagram(II)

Local LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

Router

Mod

em/IS

DN

Mod

em/IS

DN

NT Server with RAS

PSTN/ISDN

Internet

NT Server with RAS

orAny

Terminal Server

LAN Address: 203.64.99

RAS IP: 203.64.88.140

LAN IP: 203.64.99.254

RAS IP: 203.64.88.141

LAN IP: 203.64.88.200

IP: 203.64.88.254

LAN Address: 203.64.88

LAN Address: 203.64.94

LAN Address: 203.64.97

IP: 203.64.94.254IP: 203.64.97.254

IP: 203.64.99.100

Gateway: 203.64.99.254IP: 203.64.99.102

Gateway: 203.64.99.254

LAN

Ethernet

Remote Access Server

Technical Diagram(II)

Local LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

Router

Mod

em/IS

DN

Mod

em/IS

DN

NT Server with RAS

PSTN/ISDN

Internet

NT Server with RAS

orAny

Terminal Server

LAN Address: 203.64.99

RAS IP: 203.64.88.140

LAN IP: 203.64.99.254

RAS IP: 203.64.88.141

LAN IP: 203.64.88.200

IP: 203.64.88.254

LAN Address: 203.64.88

LAN Address: 203.64.94

LAN Address: 203.64.97

IP: 203.64.94.254IP: 203.64.97.254

IP: 203.64.99.100

Gateway: 203.64.99.254IP: 203.64.99.102

Gateway: 203.64.99.254

LAN

Ethernet

Remote Access Server

Technical Diagram(III)

Local LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

Router

NT Server with RAS

Mul

tiLin

kM

ultiL

ink

NT Server with RAS

PSTN/ISDN

Internet

Photos of Activities (I)

Photos of Activities (II)

Photos of Activities (III)

Photos of Activities (IV)

Photos of Activities (V)

KIOSK

Digital Remote Scope

Di gi tal Remore Area

Broadband Tel ecom Exchange Stati on

Publ i c Li brary

NetworkGSN

Remote KI OSK

Telecom Exchange Stations in Hualien

Current TANet Status

2002

TANet Backbone (Current)

Gigabit EthernetBackbone

教育部

台北區網 台北區網新竹區網 國網中心 桃園區網

台南區網

雲嘉區網

中部區網

竹苗區網

台東區網花蓮區網東部區網 高屏澎區網

July 07, 2003

雲林縣

基隆市

宜蘭縣

台北市

台北縣 桃園縣

南投縣

彰化縣

台中縣

台中市

苗栗縣 新竹縣 新竹市 連江縣 金門縣

嘉義市

嘉義縣

花蓮縣 台南縣 高雄市 屏東縣 澎湖縣 台東縣 高雄縣 台南市

Gigabit Ethernet * 6

Gigabit Ethernet * 2

Gigabit Ethernet * 4

中研院

國網南科

Internet

教育部

TANet International Backbone

Internet

Router

Router

ASCC

STM-1

GigaE

STM-1

FE

DS3

FE

Router

MOE

NCHC

Router

STM-1 * 2

ATM Switch

MOE

NCHCASCC

ATM Switch

TANet

Submarine CableLocal Loop

In-house wiring

IP Port

Update: June 24, 2003

STM-1

STM-1

HARNET - The Hong Kong Academic and Research NETwork

DS3

STM-1

STM-1

STM-1

STM-4

STM-1

180Mbps Transit to Internet

TWAREN Project (December 2003)

Future Trend…

Higher Speed Fixed -> Portable

Mobility and Plug-and-Play Client Server System

Return to peer-to-peer, but different scale Monopoly

Layer1/2 -> Layer3(IP) -> Service Aggregation

Firewall Operation End-to-end Security Collaborating with network

High Speed Network Trend

Next Generation Fiber

Target bit rate x distance (20 Pbs x km) Short Fat 20 Tbs x 1000 km Long Thin 7 Tbs x 3000 km or longer

Bit rates 40 Gbs, 80 Gbs,

160 Gbs, 320 Gbs 160 to 240 Wavelengths Current bit rate x distance

(5 Pbs x km) TeraLightTeraLight Ultra Fiber Ultra Fiber

Ultra Long Reach Transmission

Extend Transmission Reach from 500 km to > 4000 km

New Modulation Format (1Bit/Hz) > 3dB Improvement in Signal to N

oise Better Handle Current Fiber I

mpairments Increase Capacity ex. 40Gbps

X 80 = 3.2 Tbps 40Gb/s and beyond

OCCS (Optical Cross Connect System )

Switching

Lightpathprovisioning

Optical add/drop

Optical Line Terminal

BDCSIPADM

Ringsupport

The Wireless World

1G

WWAN

WMAN

WLAN

WPAN

10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps

802. 15.

4Zig- bee

802. 15.1Blue- tooth

IEEE802.15.3a UWB “WiMedia”

IEEE 802.11b, a, g “Wi-Fi”

IEEE 802.16a“WiMAX” (fixed),802.16e (mobile)

2G 2.5G 3G 4G

IEEE802.11n

802.20 “Mobile-Fi”

Wireless Wide-Area Networks

Wireless Metropolitan-

Area Networks

Wireless Local-Area Networks

Wireless Personal-

Area Networks

(Two most popular current

applications)

Legacy Current Emerging Future

802.

21 In

ter-

Net

wor

k H

ando

ffs

Wireless PAN

Personal Area Network IEEE 802.15, Bluetooth, 1Mbit

s/sec IEEE 802.15.3, Ultra Wideban

d, 1 Gbits/sec

( Picture: Compaq / 3Com )

Capacity

Spatial capacity comparison between IEEE 802.11,

Bluetooth, and UWB (Source: intel)

Wireless LAN

Local Area Network 802.11a

5 GHz band, 54 Mbits/sec, OFDM

802.11b 2.4 GHz band, 11 Mbits/sec, DSSS

802.11g 2.4 GHz band, 54 Mbits/sec, OFDM/DSSS

( Picture: D-Link / 3Com )

Data rate & Distance

(Source: Network Magazine)

Wireless MAN

Metropolitan Area Network IEEE 802.16

802.16.1 (10-66 GHz, line-of-sight, up to 134Mbit/s)

802.16.2 (minimizing interference between coexisting WMANs.)

802.16a (2-11 Ghz, Mesh, non-line-of-sigth) 802.16b (5-6 Ghz) 802.16c (detailed system profiles) 802.16e (Mobile Wireless MAN)

Wireless WAN

Wide Area Network 3G, 2Mbits above

UMTS/CDMA…

( Picture: Samsung / Siemens / Alcatel )

TECHNOLOGY FEATURES

3G

W -CDMA

Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access

- Super voice quality

- Up to 2M bit/sec. Always-on data

- Broadband data services like video and multimedia

- Enhanced roaming

CDMA - 2000

Based on the Interim Standard-95 CDMA standard

TD -SCDMA

Time-division synchronous code-division multiple-access

(Source: 3gnewsroom)

4G

Enhanced multimedia, smooth streaming video, universal access, & portability across all types of devices

Comparison of 3G and 4G

3G 4G

Back compatible to 2G Extend 3G capacity by one order of magnitude

Circuit & Packet switched networks Entirely packet switched networks

Combination of existing & evolved equipment All network elements are digital

Data rate up to 2Mbps Higher bandwidth up to 100Mbps

(Source: ece.gatech.edu)

An effective response to heterogeneous future needs

NB Radio

BBRadio

BB wireline

Services Services Services

Open interfaces

Separated network intelligenceMediation

Call controlProfile

Packet transfer

Packet transfer

All IP NetworkAll IP Network

IP Is the New Public UNI(Network Connection) Public IP Networks Require

Routing functions on the edge Consistent interface to subscriber applications

Application-Aware Dynamic Service Delivery End-End Across The Network

Network Changes Behavior As Necessary Public IP Networks Must Provide

Application-aware priority for IP flows Application specific behavior for different IP Flows

Deliver bandwidth, and access privileges as required Per application

Dynamic signaling to support application requirements Deliver services where and when they are needed

By requesting them from smart network elements Public IP Networks Cannot Use a Hop-by-Hop Internet Architecture

Routers alone won’t support what needs to be done

IP Services VisionService Intelligent infrastructure from edge to core to edge

Benefit: Provides a network platform for service delivery tailored to the needs to the subscriber/application

Intelligent dynamic signaling in and between the network layers

Benefit: Provides a rich framework for deploying service intelligence between the layers of the network

Benefit: Allows for efficient network operations and leverage of network investment

Scalable, end-to-end network management from single console

Full lifecycle professional services from planning to operations

Benefit: Allows for service providers to outsource to save engineering/operations costs

+

+

+

= Profitable, Value-added servicesSource: Lucent Technologies

IPv6 will dominate

IPv4limited size and structure of the current Internet address spacelack of end-to-end security

IPv6QoShuge address spacesecurity (IPSec)

Trends make IPv6 success Convergence - Next-Gen Networks

Data, audio & video on one wire IPv6: Quality of Service

Mobility – Massive increase in mobility Dynamic access from various locations

IPv6: Mobile IP. IPv6: Quality of Service

Scalability & Reliability – Computing is mission critical Reliability

IPv6: Design of the protocol. IPv6: Hierarchical addressing, Multiple Gateways IPv6: Elimination of NAT.

Trends make IPv6 success Security – Convergence to one Network

Software is mission critical IPv6: IPSec - Dynamically secure connections IPv6: Multicast and anycast addresses

Management – Auto-configuration, self managed. Improving IS productivity

IPv6: Auto-detection and autoconfiguration IPv6: IP Address Management

Utility/Grid computing Resources as and when you need.

IPv6: Many more addresses, autoconfiguration & management IPv6: Better scalability, path MTU IPv6: QOS

Knowledge-based

economy

GII

NII N

IIG

II

Utilize technologyin smarter ways

e-society

Information Society

e-Government

Efficient Government

Improved Competitivenes

s

e-Taiwan

e-Transpor-tation

Smart transportation

Green

Island

e-infrastructure/Broadband to the homeChallenging 2008

6,000,000 Broadband users

e-Commerce

e-Taiwan Project (us$1 billion )

Users Driven

Top Down

User/Host is stupid

Unaware of Network structure Protocols

Interesting about Everything connectivity Ubiquitous/Mobility Security Always Online Hi-Speed Hi-Quality

Secure, mobile, multi-service

networks

Security

Convergence Mobility

Personalized Services

PacketCriteria Action

Class ofService

En

terp

rise A

P

olicy

BillingClass

LDAP PolicyServer

Enterprise ATunnel B

FW/MPLS

LSP

Tunnel A

IPSec

Intranet IPsecVPN

Service$$$

ASP FW/MPLSSales

Automation$$

WEB FWSecure Internet

$

All Others Deny N/A N/A

Tunnel C

FW

AAAServer

Intranet

ASP

ISP #1

ISP #2

Core NetworkApplication

Stream

AccessDevice

Service IntelligentElement

Application Aware Traffic

Treatment

New Applications

Grid computing Data mining Data visualization Virtual reality Remote cooperation VoIP/VVoIP

Application-Driven Database access

Large-scale simulations produce tens of terabytes per day Earth-orbiting satellites will transmit petabytes of data Matching algorithms for genome databases Image and pattern databases

Audio and video Different qualities of audio and video require very different band

widths Compressed speech uses less than one KB/second Uncompressed CD-quality music uses around 200 KB/second Highly compressed, small-screen video can be transmitted at two K

B/second High-definition television requires several MB/second

Application-Driven

Real-time collaboration Groups want to interact across time and space

Virtual enterprises Desktop videoconferencing Distance-independent learning

Control and synchronization of audio and video streams Shared access to information Managed interactions Maintenance of history and audit trails Support of distributed protocols to provide consistency

Application-Driven Distributed computing

Now Tight interconnection of processing elements on a backplane of a

single high-performance computer or in a physically connected cluster

Future Geographically separated elements

Tele-Immersion Users in a different locations will collaborate in a shared, virtual

or simulated environment as if they are in the same room Must combine audio, video, virtual worlds, and simulations Requires huge bandwidth, very fast responses, and guarantees

of delivery

Application-Driven

Scenarios Remote instrument control Distributed simulation Environmental crises management Public information access Collaborative R&D

Application-Driven

..

IPTEL - IP Telephony (TRIP, CPL, ...)

SIP - Call Setup Signalling

MEGACO - Media Gateway Control

SPIRIT - IP Service access from IN

SIGTRAN - PSTN Signalling over IP

PINT - PSTN and Internet Interworking

ENUM - E.164 Number mapping

MMUSIC - Internet Conferencing

AVT - Audio/Video Transport (RTP)

DIFFSERV, INTSERV, RSVP - QoS

SIP-H323 BoF

SG 4 - Network Management, QoS, Billing, Security, ..

SG 2 - E.164 Numbering Plan

SG 11 - Signalling and Protocols, Mobility, SS7, INAP, Q.* (Q.BICC)

SG 12 - End2End Transmission Performance Q 18&23: QoS Voice over IP

SG 16 - packet based Multimedia Services, H.* (H.323, H.450, H.248), Mobility, G.* (G.7xx), T.* ...

Internet TelephonyIETF Internet Evolution

ITU-TTelecommunication Standardisation

Integrated Video and Voice Integrated Video and Voice over IP Serviceover IP Service

Middle Layer Improvement

- various QoS

- mobility

- best-effort

guaranteed controlled

- Guaranteeing/ Maintaining / Provisioning QoS

best-effort

IPbest-effort

IP

CurrentNetworkCurrentNetwork

Various IP-ClassesVarious IP-Classes

Next GenerationNetwork

Next GenerationNetwork

MultimediaMultimedia

MobileMobile

Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Maintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-ClassMaintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-Class

Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Maintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-ClassMaintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-Class

QoS

Intserv/Diffserv integrated network QoS refers to delay (latency), jitter (variance), an

d availability Need for reliable and timely delivery of control sig

nals, telemetry, and human-oriented data streams (audio, video, tactile)

IP Mobility

Hierarchical MobileIPv6 AAA interactions Fast/Smooth/Seamless Handoffs Header Compression Enable MobileIPv6 to act as mobility

technology within and between cellular networks – All-IP Cellular Networks

Nokia

Technology Evolution from Circuits to Packets

GPRS and WLAN Card

Multimode PC card (GPRS, GSM, WLAN)

GPRS high speed data connectivity (up to 40.2 Kbit/s)

WLAN data connectivity where available (up to 11Mbit/s)

Nokia D311/D211

SONY

Nokia launches new Communicator mobile phone

Tri-band GSM E-GPRS (EDGE) Wi-Fi 802.11b Symbian OS 7.0 JAVA MIDP2.0

Nokia 9500Pic. from www.cellular-news.com

Hitachi G1000 with SD wifi

Pocket PC 2002 Phone Edition

CDMA SD/MMC Expansion Slot

(Upgradeable to SDIO) 2.5 hours talk time 7 days of stand-by time.

http://www.sprint.com/pcsbusiness/devices/pda/hitachig1000.htmlCDMA / WLAN Solution

NTT DoCoMo, NEC plan dual 3G/WLAN handset

W-CDMA / IEEE802.11b User will be able to use VOIP when in range of a W

LAN access point. Once out of range, it will use the standard 3G network.

No indication has been made yet whether the handset will be able to seamless transfer voice calls between WLAN and 3G.

• http://www.mobileburn.com/news.jsp?Id=559• http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/12/03/HN3gwlanhandset_1.html• http://www.computerweekly.com/Article126993.htm

Cybersecurity

Risks are high, even before adding wireless, converged, or network-enabled components

Cybersecurity

The Service of Security

Each element can affect your overall security posture & risk level

Other Technologies

Multicasting Application-to-application multicast rather than

host-to-host Adaptive resource management

Internet Traffic Engineering Virtual networking

Construction of multiple networks on a common infrastructure, allowing organizations to easily set up private networking domains governed by organization-specific policies

Conclusion

Future uses: quantitative aspects

Voice

Bit/s

Time

2000

Data

2007

1000

$ Billions*

* according to Datamonitor

Mobile Mesh Network

Network Migration

Integrated Service Management

Management

OSS, BSS, NMS, EMS

Protocols

TDM, IP, ATM, FR…Convergence

All IP

ConsolidationMulti-Service

Devices

MUX, Routers, DCS…

• Costly• Complex• Difficult to Manage

• Cost Efficient• Integrated• Simple Management

Mig

rati

on

Next GenerationToday

Next Generation Network Drivers

Technology innovation Establishing a competitive advantage Increasing productivity and revenue opportunities

Operational efficiency Improving overall network infrastructure performance and

scalability Improving manageability by standardizing on network

infrastructure and operating systems Reducing long-term operating expenses Improve overall IT infrastructure resiliency Simplify network administration, management and control

User Requirement and Applications

How to help to mitigate the Digital Divide?

Government Determination & Capital Investment Bitnet (later 80th) ADSL (middle of 90th) Dual Mode Handset (Early 20th)

Chose the Right ICT Applications based on ICT

Thank you!Comments?

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