Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad Electronics Fundamentals 8 th...

Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition - Floyd/Buchla

Majority and Minority Carriers Majority Carriers – The majority carriers in n-type materials are

electrons. – The majority carriers in p-type materials are

holes.

• Minority Carriers

– The minority carriers in n-type materials are holes.

– The minority carriers in p-type materials are electrons.

p-n Junctions • One end of a silicon or germanium

crystal can be doped as a p-type material and the other end as an n-type material.

• The result is a p-n junction.

p-n Junction

The result is the formation of a depletion region around the junction.

p-n Junction

Diodes The diode is a 2-terminal device.

A diode ideally conducts in only one direction.

Diode Operating Conditions

A diode has three operating conditions: – No bias – Forward bias – Reverse bias

Diode Operating Conditions • No Bias

– No external voltage is applied: VD = 0 V – No current is flowing: ID = 0 A – Only a modest depletion region exists

Diode Operating Conditions• Reverse Bias

– External voltage is

applied across the

p-n junction in the

opposite polarity of

the p- and n-type materials.

Diode Operating Conditions• Reverse Bias

The reverse voltage causes the depletion region to widen. The electrons in the n-type material are attracted toward the positive terminal of the voltage source. The holes in the p-type material are attracted toward the negative terminal of the voltage source.

Diode Operating Conditions

• Forward Bias – External voltage is applied across the p-n junction in

the same polarity as the p- and n-type materials.

Diode Operating Conditions• Forward Bias

Diode Characteristics Conduction Non-Conduction

Region Region

Actual Diode Characteristics

Zener Region

Forward Bias Voltage

Temperature Effects

IDEAL VERSUS PRATICAL

Resistance Levels

DC (Static) Resistance

AC (Dynamic) Resistance

Average AC Resistance

Diode Equivalent Circuit

Diode Capacitance

Reverse Recovery Time (trr)

Diode Specification Sheets

Diode Symbol and Packaging

Other Types of Diodes

• Zener diode

• Light-emitting diode

• Diode arrays

Zener Diode

Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

Diode Arrays

Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 10th Edition - Boylestad Electronics Fundamentals 8 th...

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