Earth Science

States of Matter

Four states of matterSolidsLiquidsGasesPlasmaKinetic energy determines which state an

element or compound is in

Kinetic energyEnergy of motionWhat does this have to do with particles?Average kinetic energy = temperature

Thermometers

Quantifying Changes in TemperatureHeat is energy transfer, the unit is calorie

(cal)One calorie of heat raises the temperature

of water by 1oCoC

To calculate what happens when you mix two substances with different temperatures

To calculate when you have different amounts to mix:

Calculations PracticeMario have a 5L fish tank. The water is

currently 32oC for his tropical fish. He needs to add 5 more L of water and this water is currently 26 oC. What will the water be when he is done mixing them?

What will the temperature be when you mix 5 mL of cold water at 0 oC with 25 mL of hot cocoa at 50 oC?

GasMotion is constant and randomNo fixed shape or volumeMotion is elasticWhat do these things have to do with

smell?Pressure: results from force of gas

Barometer measures Pascals (Pa) or atm

Behavior of gasesCompressability: measure of how much

volume decreases under pressureGases are easily compressed because of

space between particlesAmount of gas, temperature and volume

affect gas pressure

LiquidsNo fixed shape, has fixed volumeVaporization: liquid to gas when boilingEvaporation: liquid to gas when not boilingCondensation: vapor to liquidWhat is a boiling point?What does it have to do with kinetic

energy?

SolidFixed shape and volumeSublimation: change from solid to vapor

(dry ice)What is a melting point?What does it have to do with kinetic

energy?

Properties of WaterBoiling point: 99.9 oC

Melting point: 0 oC

Density of liquid: 1000 kg/m3

Density of solid: 917 kg/m3

Polar MoleculeCreates Surface Tension

Specific Heat Capacity: 2nd highest of all moleculesAmmonia is the only one higher

Particulate Model

Demo

Phase Changes

QuizName the four states of matter.Which state has the most packed particles?Which state has the least packed particles?What does kinetic energy mean?What is another term for average kinetic

energy?