Post on 19-Jan-2016
EMOTI
ON
MODULE
12
Interesting
• Food and emotion???– http://gma.yahoo.com/blogs/abc-blogs/why-spouse-
may-hangry-fight-200348676--abc-news-health.html?vp=1
• Ron Swanson and Emotion– http://www.nbc.com/parks-and-recreation/video/the-
many-emotions-of-ron-swanson/n40767?onid=182506#vc182506=1
• Crash Course– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAMbkJk6gnE
Emotions Shifts in Emotion• Whole-organism
responses, involving:– Physiological arousal– Expressive behaviors– Conscious experience
• Ex of extreme emotion?
• Use this example to understand 3 ingredients of shifts in emotion.– You and your friend check the
call back list. You find your name and are happy. You see they are not on there and immediately become sad.
• Physiological activation:– Increased heart rate w/
good news– Decreased heart rate as
you console friend.
• Expressive behaviors:– Smiling and pumping
your first– Losing smile putting arm
around pal
• Conscious experience:– Interpreting what it
means to make the team– Interpreting what it
means for your friend to be left out.
Debates in Emotion Research
• Which comes first, physiological arousal or the subjective experience of an emotion?– I don’t sing b/c I’m happy, I am happy b/c I sing…
or is it the other way around???
• Can we react emotionally before appraising a situation, or does thinking always precede emotion?
Theories of Emotion: Historical Approaches
What were the two main historical theories of emotion, and how do modern
cognitive theories of emotion differ from these older theories?
Module 12: Emotion
Common Sense Theory
• Ask someone why they are happy/sad/mad and get a response.
• Emotion-arousing stimulus leads to a conscious feeling (fear, anger) and a physiological response.– Ex: Seeing an angry dog triggers
feelings of fear and physical responses such as trembling.
• Emotion before physiology
James-Lange TheoryWilliam James and Carl Lange
• Challenged common sense theory.• An emotion-arousing stimulus in the
environment triggers a physiological reaction.– Our awareness of the physiological
reaction leads to our experience of an emotion.
• Physiology before emotion.
Cannon-Bard TheoryWalter Cannon and Phillip Bard
• Disagreed with James-Lange:– Peeling an onion causes tears but not sadness.
• An emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both a physiological response and the experience of an emotion.
• Simultaneous physiological & emotional response.
Theories of Emotion: Cognition & Emotion
Which comes first our thoughts (cognition) about the situation or
our experience of emotion?
Module 12: Emotion
Cognitive Appraisal Two-Factor Theory
• One’s thoughts about a situation
• How a person interprets a situation in the environment
• Emotions involve two factors:– A physiological
arousal– A cognitive label
of the arousal
• Also called the Schachter-Singer Theory
Copy this one for your notes!!!!!
Robert Zajonc
• Doesn’t agree with two-factor theory
• Suggested that not all emotions involve deliberate thinking– Therefore, cognition
is not necessary for all emotions
• Some emotions skip the thinking part of the brain– Amygdala: emotional center
for brain.
• Ex: snake! 1st run, then think.
Richard Lazarus
• Believed some emotions do not require conscious thought.
• However, there must be a minimum of unconscious thought involved in emotions.– Ex: hear snake, freak
out, jump…. Then think about what to do.
Paths to Emotional Responses
Paths to Emotional Responses
Paths to Emotional Responses:Copy please!
Zajonc, Shcachter, and Lazarus all agree that our appraisal and labeling of events determines our emotional responses.
Fear: A Closer Look
What physiological change occurs when you are frightened?
Fight or flight?
Module 12: Emotion
Autonomic Nervous System
• Coordinates our response to dangerous situations.
• The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs
• Monitors the autonomic functions– Controls breathing, blood pressure, and digestive
processes
• Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Divisions of the Nervous System
Sympathetic Parasympathetic Nervous System Nervous System• The part of the
autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats
• Fight or flight response
• The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body
• Brings the body back down to a relaxed state
Divisions of the Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
The Expression of Emotion:
Nonverbal Communication
How do we communicate our emotions to others?
Module 12: Emotion
Nonverbal Communication
• Communicating feelings without words:
– Facial expressions
– Tone of voice
– Hand gestures
• Also called “body language”
The Expression of Emotion:
Gender and Cultural Effects on Emotion
How do gender and culture affect our ability to express our won emotions and read the emotions of others?
Module 12: Emotion
• Gender Effects:– Women are better at reading nonverbal
communication of emotions.– Women tend to express emotions more than men do.
• Display Rules:– The cultural rules governing how and when a person
may express emotion– Rules greatly vary from culture to culture…examples?
• Facial Expressions:– Paul Ekman studied facial expressions in an attempt
to determine if they are inborn or culturally based.