Lafir S. Mohamed | Project Manager

Practical Action Regional Programme

DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND RISK REDUCTION – AN OVERVIEW

24 JANUARY 2013

DAMBULLA

WHY

WE IN

Are Interested

Excited

Feel Important

Work for

DISASTERS

Worry

NATURAL DISASTERS

IMPACT ON; o Loss of Lives

o Jobs (long or short term)

o Social structures (displacement, resettlement, loss of members of the family)

o Vulnerable community (children, women, elderly, disabled)

o Economy - Livelihoods (loss of crops, no Fishing, )

o Development – Infrastructure, institutions, projects

o Education (No schools, occupied by displaced)

Impacts in statists

In Sri Lanka

PERIOD DISASTER

AFFECTED

DEATHS HOUSES DAMAGED

FAMILIES PEOPLE PARTIALLY FULLY

Dec 2009 Floods &

Landslides 100735 372124 03 1919 200

May 2010 Floods &

Landslides 141586 606072 20 1913 466

Oct 2010 Floods &

Landslides 599 2060 10 86 11

Nov 2010 Floods &

Landslides 14200 58667 02 75 420

Jan 2011

Floods &

Landslides

294092

1117943

44

26194

7917

Feb 2011 372576 1276510 18 22515 4240

In Sri Lanka - Econ ..

DISASTER DATE DAMAGE (000 US$)

Earthquake (seismic activity)

26-Dec-2004 1,316,500

Flood 1-Feb-2011 300,000

Flood 5-Jun-1992 250,000

Flood 5-Jan-2011 200,000

Flood 14-May-2010 105,000

Storm 24-Nov-1978 100,000

Storm 22-Dec-1964 37,300

Flood 30-May-1989 35,000

Flood 2-Jun-1991 30,000

Flood 17-May-2003 29,000

So the need for working on

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

and building Resilience to

Disasters is highly demanded

• It not only take away over lives BUT

our livelihoods as well.

Basic concepts of DRR

Commonly used terms

• HAZARD

• VULNERABILITY

• CAPACITY

• DISASTER

UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS

HAZARD- – Natural phenomenon

– NOT all the natural events are Disasters

UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS

VULNERABILITY - “the tendency of things

to be damaged by a hazard”.

Socio-economic indicators of

vulnerability for Sri Lanka

– poverty

– Gender and disability

– population density

– unemployment

– migration

– malnutrition

– growth of large informal economies in unplanned cities

– socio-political tensions and uncertainty

– absence of sound regulatory practices, and

– unsustainable environmental practices

DISASTER

The serious disruption of the functioning of

society, causing widespread human,

material or environmental losses, which

exceed the ability of the affected people to

cope using their own resources.

CAPACITY "a combination of all the strengths and

resources available within a community,

society or organization that can reduce the

level of risk, or the effects of a disaster"

UN/ISDR (2004)

Knowledge, awareness, absorbing

shocks, planning

A disaster is possible

When Hazard and Vulnerability is there

Disaster = Hazard x Vulnerability

DISASTER Risk Reduction

• Disaster risk reduction: The conceptual framework of

elements considered with the possibilities to minimize

vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to

avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and

preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within

the broad context of sustainable development.

Disaster Management Cycle

Respond

Recover Mitigate

Prepare

Disaster Management Cycle

Respond

Recover Mitigate

Prepare Disaster

Disaster Management Cycle

Respond

Recover Mitigate

Prepare Disaster

Disaster Management Cycle

Respond

Recover Mitigate

Prepare Disaster

Disaster Management Cycle

Respond

Recover Mitigate

Prepare Disaster

Disaster Management Models

Development and Disasters

• Development can create a Disaster

• A disaster can be an opportunity for

development

• Senility towards Disasters in development

(LH, Infrastructure, Social development)

Development and Disaster Model

Source: UNDP DMTP 1994

Legal and Institutional Framework

Provides for a Framework for Disaster Risk

Management (DRM) in Sri Lanka

Addresses Disaster Management (DM) holistically,

leading to a policy shift from response based

mechanisms to a proactive approach

Measures have been taken to amend the act to

address the DRM concerns after 05 years of

implementation

Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act; No.13 of 2005

National Council For Disaster

Management

DMC

Social Services

Home Affairs

Health

Defence

Power

Coast

Conservation

Housing

Irrigation

Science &

Technology

Rehabilitation &

Reconstruction

Police

Land

Fisheries &

Aquatic Resources

Education

Highways

Water Supply

Urban

Development

Foreign Affairs

Finance

Environment

Ministers in charge of National Council for

Disaster Management

Chair Person : H.E. President

Vice Chairman: Hon. Prime Minister

Leader of Opposition

Nine Provincial Chief Ministers

Five MPs from Opposition

Ministry of Disaster

Management

Ministers in charge of

Economic

Development

• The Disaster Management Centre was

established in August 2005 under the

National Council for Disaster Management

• The Ministry of Disaster Management

was established in December 2005 and

DMC became the implementing agency of

the Ministry

Disaster Management Centre (Director General)

National

Consultants

Personnel &

Administration

Branch Media Unit

Finance Branch

24 x 7

National

Emergency

Operation

Centre

Training,

Education

& Public

Awareness

Unit

Preparedness

Planning

Unit

Multi-Hazard

Early warning

&

Dissemination

Unit

District Emergency Operation Centers

Assistant Directors (Districts)

Disaster Management Assistants

Intermediate & Local Levels

National Level

Tech. Com. in

each division

Disaster

Management

Technology,

Mitigation

Unit

Risk

Assessment,

Data

Collection,

Research &

Analysis

Centre

Organizational Structure - Disaster Management Centre

Disaster Management Centre

District Secretary District Disaster Management Committee

Prov. Level Disaster Management Committee

Assistant Directors - Districts

Local Authority Committees

Emergency Op. Rooms

Govt. Departments Military & Police

Private Sector

NGOs/ Civil Societies

Div. Level Committees

GN Committees

Village volunteer Committees

Early Warning, Medical / Health, Search & Rescue, Camp Management & Security Committees

Business Communities

Disaster Risk Management Mechanism at Sub-national Level

Disaster Management Centre

District Secretary District Disaster Management Committee

Assistant Directors - Districts

Emergency Op. Rooms

Govt. Departments

Div. Level Committees

GN Committees NGOs/ Civil Societies Village volunteer

Committees Business Communities

Disaster Management Centre

District Secretary District Disaster Management Committee

Assistant Directors - Districts

Emergency Op. Rooms

Govt. Departments

Div. Level Committees

GN Committees

Military & Police

Private Sector

NGOs/ Civil Societies Village

volunteer Committees

Business Communities

Disaster Management

Centre

District Secretary District Disaster Management

Committee

Assistant Directors - Districts

Emergency Op. Rooms

Govt. Departments

Div. Level Committees

GN Committees

Disaster Management

Coordination Structure National Disaster Management Coordinating Committee

District Disaster Management Committees

Divisional Disaster Management Committees

Community Disaster Management Committee

Sub Committees

• Early Warning,

• Medical / Health

• Search & Rescue

• Camp Management

• Village Security

National DRM Committees

National Disaster Management Coordinating Committee

• Training and Learning Core Group

• Disaster Risk Reduction Core Group

National Emergency Response Committee

Technical Advisory Committee on Building Guidelines

Colombo Flood Committee

National Early Warning Committee

Thank you