Basic Concepts and Basic Concepts and Terminologies Terminologies

in Disaster Managementin Disaster Management

Adopted from 8th EVRC Course Held in Feb 2009 in Bangkok

Basic Definitions & Terms

Learning Learning ObjectivesObjectives

At the end of this session, you should be able to:

Define disaster,hazard, risk, elements at risk, vulnerability, capacity, response, relief, rehabilitation, reconstruction, development, mitigation, preparedness and prevention

HAZARD HAZARD Phenomenon or situation, which hasthe potential to cause disruption ordamage to people, their property, their

services and their environmentThere is a

potential foroccurrenceof an event

DISASTERDISASTER

The serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected people to cope using their own resources.

An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses

VulnerabilityVulnerability

Is a condition or sets of conditions that reduces people’s ability to prepare for, withstand or respond to a hazard

CapacityCapacityThose positive condition or abilities which increase a community’s ability to deal with hazards.

The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction, and proximity to a hazardous area.

RiskRisk

Hazard Vulnerability x Disaster Risk

Capacity

=

Hazard Vulnerability x Disaster Risk

Capacity =

Elements at RiskElements at Risk

Exposed Elements

Persons, buildings, crops or other such like societal components exposed to known hazard, which are likely to be adversely affected by the impact of the hazard.

THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

DISASTER

RESPONSE/RELIEF

REHABILITATION

RECONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT

PREVENTION

MITIGATION

PREPAREDNESS

ResponseResponseActions taken immediately following the impact of a disaster when exceptional measures are required to meet the basic needs of the survivors.

ReliefReliefMeasures that are required in search and rescue of survivors, as well to meet the basic needs for shelter, water, food and health care.

What is difference between

1. Recovery

2. Rehabilitation

3. Reconstruction

Preparedness

Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Relief

Disaster impact

Recovery phase 19

RecoveryRecovery

The process undertaken by a disaster affected community to fully restore itself to pre-disaster level of functioning.

21

22

RehabilitationRehabilitationActions taken in

the aftermath of a disaster to:

• assist victims to repair their dwellings;

• re-establish essential services;

• revive key economic and social activities

ReconstructionReconstructionPermanent measures to repair or replace damaged dwellings and infrastructure and to set the economy back on course.

DevelopmentDevelopment

Sustained efforts intended to improve or maintain the social and economic well-being of a community

PreventionPrevention

Measures taken to avert a disaster from occurring, if possible (to impede a hazard so that it does not have any harmful effects).

MitigationMitigationMeasures taken prior to the impact of a disaster to minimize its effects (sometimes referred to as structural and non-structural measures).

PreparednessPreparedness

Measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are taken in the aftermath.

Measures taken Measures taken prior to the prior to the impact of a impact of a disaster to disaster to minimize its minimize its effects effects (sometimes (sometimes referred to as referred to as structural and structural and non-structural non-structural measures).measures).

MitigationMitigation

Measures Measures

taken to avert taken to avert

a disaster from a disaster from

occurring, if occurring, if

possible (to possible (to

impede a impede a

hazard so that hazard so that

it does not it does not

have any have any

harmful harmful

effects).effects).

PreventionPrevention

PreparednessPreparedness

Measures taken in Measures taken in anticipation of a anticipation of a disaster to ensure disaster to ensure that appropriate that appropriate and effective and effective actions are taken actions are taken in the aftermath.in the aftermath.

Measures taken Measures taken prior to the prior to the impact of a impact of a disaster to disaster to minimize its minimize its effects effects (sometimes (sometimes referred to as referred to as structural and structural and non-structural non-structural measures).measures).

MitigationMitigation

Preparedness

Mitigation

Mitigation

Preparedness

Sand dune fixation with bushes and trees along the coast line as barrier against surges and strong

winds

Where feasible, Mangove forest along the sea shore

…..for Life to continue……._____________________________________________________

SRI - system of rice intensification-reducing water demand and making

crops more resistant to extreme weather events

Seed stores - Access to disaster- resistant seed and plants

Cyclone shelters in coastal areas or flood shelters along major rivers

Mock drill on emergency/first aid

Early warning: international, national and on a community level

Seed and food stocks/storage systems

DRR Committees and communal actions

DRRClimate Change

Adaptation

Climate Change Adaptation and DRR…CC-adaptation…

•Does risk assessment in the first place•Looks at slow- and sudden-onset disasters•Has a long-term vision•Takes the perpetrators of CC into account•Addresses GHG reduction (mitigation)

What is the difference What is the difference between DM and DRMbetween DM and DRM

Disaster Management

A collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for preparing and responding to disasters. It refers to the management of the consequences of disasters.

Disaster Risk ManagementA broad range of

activities designed to:

Prevent the loss of lives Minimize human

suffering Inform the public and

authorities of risk Minimize property

damage and economic loss

Speed up the recovery process

Disaster risk management - Stress on proactive disaster management responses of prevention, mitigation and preparedness

Prevent, reduce, transfer or live with disaster risk

Public safety, disaster resilience, sustainable development for all

THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

DISASTER

RESPONSE

REHABILITATION

RECONSTRUCTION

DEVELOPMENT

PREVENTION

MITIGATION

PREPAREDNESS

Disaster

Preparedness

Prevention/Mitigation

Reconstruction

Emergency Response

Early Warning

Rehabilitation

Dis

aste

r R

isk

Man

agem

ent

Risk Assessment

Awareness and Capacity Building

ConclusionConclusion• Clear cut distinction between different terminologies• Difference between Preparedness, Mitigation, and

Prevention, • Difference between Recovery, Rehabilitation and

Reconstruction• Difference between DM and DRM • Sharpen our knowledge about different terminologies

QUESTION &QUESTION &DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION