DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF

SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED:

Nucleotides

THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF DNA IS

TO:

Store & Transmit Genetic Info

A NUCLEOTIDE IS MADE UP OF:

Sugar, Phosphate, Base

FOLLOWING THE RULES OF BASE-PAIRING, WHICH

BASES MUST MATCH UP IN DNA?

A & T, C & G

THE BACKBONE OF DNA IS MADE OF

WHICH 2 SPECIFIC COMPONENTS?

Deoxyribose Sugars, Phosphate

THE TWO SCIENTISTS THAT WERE

CREDITED WITH ESTABLISHING THE

STRUCTURE OF DNA ARE:

Watson & Crick

WHO WAS THE SCIENTIST THAT

DISCOVERED THE AMOUNT OF A=T AND

THE AMOUNT OF C=G?

Chargaff

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF RNA?

(YOU HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC)

Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal

WHERE IS DNA FOUND?

Nucleus

THE TYPES OF BONDS FOUND BETWEEN THE

BASES IN DNA ARE:

Hydrogen Bonds

GENES CONTAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEMBLING WHAT?

Proteins!!!

WHAT IS THE TERM USED WHEN NEW DNA

IS MADE?

Replication

WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN REPLICATION?

SEE NEXT SLIDE…

STEPS IN REPLICATION

1. Unwind2. Unzip- (by breaking

hydrogen bonds b/t bases)3. Add complementary

nucleotides to each side4. Two new identical strands

of DNA

AT THE END OF REPLICATION, THERE

ARE 2 IDENTICAL STRANDS OF DNA-EACH WITH ONE OLD STRAND AND ONE NEW…WHAT IS

THIS CALLED?

Semi-Conservative

DURING DNA REPLICATION, THE STRAND: GATCCG WILL PRODUCE A

STRAND WITH WHAT BASES?

CTAGGC

WHAT IS THE SERIES OF THREE LETTERS

ON DNA CALLED?

Triplet

WHAT IS THE “TRIPLET” ON mRNA

CALLED?

Codon

WHAT ARE THE TWO STEPS IN PROTEIN

SYNTHESIS?

Transcription & Translation

PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF:

Amino Acids

THE PROCESS BY WHICH mRNA IS MADE

IS CALLED:

Transcription

WHERE DOES TRANSCRIPTION TAKE

PLACE?

Nucleus

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTION:

ACT AGG TAC

UGA UCC AUG

IN RNA, ADENINE (A) IS COMPLEMENTARY

TO WHICH BASE?

Uracil, U

WHERE ARE PROTEINS MADE?

Ribosome

TRANSFER RNA IS LIKE AN

“INTERPRETER” BECAUSE IT CARRIES

WHAT TO THE RIBOSOME?

Amino Acids

THE tRNA KNOWS WHICH AMINO ACID

TO CARRY BECAUSE IT READS WHAT?

mRNA codon

WHICH TYPE OF RNA CARRIES THE

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTEINS?

mRNA

WHAT IS A RIBOSOME MADE UP OF?

rRNA & protein

AMINO ACIDS ARE BONDED TOGETHER

WITH WHICH TYPE OF BOND?

Peptide

THIS IS A PICTURE OF:

Messenger RNA

WHAT ARE THESE PICTURES?

rRNA (and ribosome), tRNA

ALLCODONS FOR LYSINE:

AAA, AAG

HOW DO YOU KNOW WHERE TO BEGIN

MAKING A PROTEIN?

Start codon—AUG

AMINO ACIDS FOR: AUGCCCAAAGUAUAG

Start-Proline-Lysine-Valine-Stop

ALLCODONS FOR SERINE:

AGC, AGU, UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG

AMINO ACIDS FOR:

AUGCCCGUAUAG

Start-Proline-Valine-Stop

Transcription

Start codon

Amino Acid

Nucleus

mRNA

tRNA

anticodon

translation

WHAT IS THIS PROCESS CALLED?