DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12

Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination PlantsPlants

September 29September 29thth - 30 - 30thth, 2009, 2009

Duisburg, GermanyDuisburg, Germany

CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Massimo Moser, DLR Stuttgart

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Overview

• Water scarcity and future trends• Actual problems of desalination• Ways to sustainability: renewable energies• CSP• CSP-MED• CSP-MED / CSP-RO comparison• Conclusions

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Water scarcity

Source: IWMI 2006

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Water scarcity – Focus on MENA

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Actual situation & outlook – Focus on MENA

Unsustainable groundwater over-use!

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Actual situation & outlook

• Inhomogeneous distribution of water resources• Population growth• Raising industrial production

Growing demand vs constant resourcesWater crisis! Conflicts / Wars for water

Solutions?• Improving water use efficiency• Fixing international laws• Using non-traditional water sources (e.g. seawater)

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Problems of desalination

Environmental problems:• Water intake

• Greenhouse gases emissions• Brine discharge

Energetic problems:• High energy consumption• Availability of fossil fuel in the mid/long-term

These problems have to be solved!

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Matching of water deficits and solar resources

Source: NASA; DLR

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Parabolic trough

Source: Pilkington, DLR

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Linear Fresnel

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Solar Tower

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

CSP Technology comparison

Source: DLR

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Daily and yearly fluctuation of solar resources - 1

Note that the max efficiency does not match the max DNI

Tipical summer day

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

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4272 4274 4276 4278 4280 4282 4284 4286 4288 4290 4292 4294 4296

time [h]

DN

I [W

/m2]

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

eta_

geo

, et

a_sf

[ -

]

DNI

eta_geo

eta_sf

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Daily and yearly fluctuation of solar resources - 2

Low sun elevation in winter causes large efficiency losses

Tipical winter day

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

8496 8498 8500 8502 8504 8506 8508 8510 8512 8514 8516 8518 8520

time [h]

DN

I [W

/m2]

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

eta_

geo

, et

a_sf

[ -

]

DNI

eta_geo

eta_sf

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Energy storage options: CSP vs other renewables

Molten salt (NaNO3 + KNO3) Concrete

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

CSP power plant

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Co-generation: CSP-MED

Source: F. Trieb

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Which Ts? The MED point of view…

Specific heat transfer area

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200

400

600

800

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1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Ts [°C]

sA [

m2/(

kg/s

)]

sA (n=10)sA (n=8)sA (n=6)

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

…and the turbine point of view

Eta turbine as function of Ts

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,40

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ts [°C]

eta

tu

rb [

-]

eta turb

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Comparison with the „competitor“

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Conclusions

• CSP-MED is a very promising option for a sustainable desalination

• The option of heat storage allows to damp the problem of the fluctuating solar irradiation and consents an almost-constant operation of the MED plant

• This solution will be probably particularly suitable for the East-Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf, due to economic considerations

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

For more informations:

• AQUA-CSP, a study of the DLR Stuttgart, 2007www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

• MED-CSD project (ongoing)www.med-csd-ec.eu/eng/

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Thank you for your attention!

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

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