DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12 Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination Plants September 29 th -...

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12

Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination PlantsPlants

September 29September 29thth - 30 - 30thth, 2009, 2009

Duisburg, GermanyDuisburg, Germany

CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Massimo Moser, DLR Stuttgart

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Massimo MoserDLR

DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination

Overview

• Water scarcity and future trends• Actual problems of desalination• Ways to sustainability: renewable energies• CSP• CSP-MED• CSP-MED / CSP-RO comparison• Conclusions

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Massimo MoserDLR


Water scarcity

Source: IWMI 2006

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Water scarcity – Focus on MENA

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Massimo MoserDLR


Actual situation & outlook – Focus on MENA

Unsustainable groundwater over-use!

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Massimo MoserDLR


Actual situation & outlook

• Inhomogeneous distribution of water resources• Population growth• Raising industrial production

Growing demand vs constant resourcesWater crisis! Conflicts / Wars for water

Solutions?• Improving water use efficiency• Fixing international laws• Using non-traditional water sources (e.g. seawater)

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Massimo MoserDLR


Problems of desalination

Environmental problems:• Water intake

• Greenhouse gases emissions• Brine discharge

Energetic problems:• High energy consumption• Availability of fossil fuel in the mid/long-term

These problems have to be solved!

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Matching of water deficits and solar resources

Source: NASA; DLR

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Parabolic trough

Source: Pilkington, DLR

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Linear Fresnel

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Solar Tower

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CSP Technology comparison

Source: DLR

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Massimo MoserDLR


Daily and yearly fluctuation of solar resources - 1

Note that the max efficiency does not match the max DNI

Tipical summer day

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

4272 4274 4276 4278 4280 4282 4284 4286 4288 4290 4292 4294 4296

time [h]

DN

I [W

/m2]

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

eta_

geo

, et

a_sf

[ -

]

DNI

eta_geo

eta_sf

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Massimo MoserDLR


Daily and yearly fluctuation of solar resources - 2

Low sun elevation in winter causes large efficiency losses

Tipical winter day

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

8496 8498 8500 8502 8504 8506 8508 8510 8512 8514 8516 8518 8520

time [h]

DN

I [W

/m2]

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

eta_

geo

, et

a_sf

[ -

]

DNI

eta_geo

eta_sf

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Energy storage options: CSP vs other renewables

Molten salt (NaNO3 + KNO3) Concrete

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CSP power plant

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Co-generation: CSP-MED

Source: F. Trieb

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Which Ts? The MED point of view…

Specific heat transfer area

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

Ts [°C]

sA [

m2/(

kg/s

)]

sA (n=10)sA (n=8)sA (n=6)

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Massimo MoserDLR


…and the turbine point of view

Eta turbine as function of Ts

0,00

0,05

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,35

0,40

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ts [°C]

eta

tu

rb [

-]

eta turb

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Comparison with the „competitor“

Source: AQUA-CSP

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Conclusions

• CSP-MED is a very promising option for a sustainable desalination

• The option of heat storage allows to damp the problem of the fluctuating solar irradiation and consents an almost-constant operation of the MED plant

• This solution will be probably particularly suitable for the East-Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf, due to economic considerations

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Massimo MoserDLR


For more informations:

• AQUA-CSP, a study of the DLR Stuttgart, 2007www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp

• MED-CSD project (ongoing)www.med-csd-ec.eu/eng/

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Thank you for your attention!

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Massimo MoserDLR


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DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12 Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination Plants September 29 th -...

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