Post on 14-Jul-2015
Dimensions of Anthropomorphism
Jakub Złotowski, Ewald Strasser& Christoph Bartneck
Anthropomorphism
Orange-likeness
Dehumanization
Dimensions of humanness
Human Uniqueness Human Nature
● intelligence ● primary emotions
● intentionality ● sociability
● secondary emotions ● warmth
... …
Dimensionality of anthropomorphism
● The previous work on humanlikeness in HRI considered anthropomorphism as a uni-dimensional space from a machine to a human.
● Studies of dehumanization can indicate that anthropomorphism can be multi-dimensional
Potential benefits
HRI can be improved by attributing a robot only with humanlike characteristics that can facilitate the interaction and avoiding implementing human attributes that could hamper it
Research questions
● Are there two dimensions of anthropomorphism?– Does a robot’s intelligence affect mainly UH
dimension?
– Does a robot’s emotionality affect mainly HN dimension?
Jeopardy!
Experimental Setup
Procedure
EU, THE EUROPEAN
UNION
ACTORS WHO
DIRECT
DIALING FOR
DIALECTS
BREAKING NEWS
ONE BUCK OR
LESS
ALSO ON YOUR
COMPUTER KEYS
$200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200
$400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400
$600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600
$800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800
$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000
Example quesiton
Clue: Each year the EU selects capitals of culture; one of the 2010 cities was this Turkish “meeting place of cultures”
Correct response: What is Istanbul?
Wrong response: What is Essen?
Materials
Measurements
● As manipulation checks: attribution of primary emotions and perceived intelligence
● Previously validated scale of anthropomorphism by Ho and MacDorman
● Attribution of traits for the UH and HN dimensions
UH and HN traitsUniquely Human Human Nature
broadminded curious
humble friendly
organized Fun-loving
polite sociable
thorough trusting
cold aggressive
conservative distractible
hard-hearted impatient
rude jealous
shallow nervous
Participants
● 35 participants (19 female)● Mainly undergraduate and postgraduate
university students● Age range: 18 - 48 years; M = 26.69● Mostly New Zealanders (28) or British (4)● No prior experience with robots
Perceived intelligence
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Perceived intelligence
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Perceived intelligence
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Primary emotions
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Primary emotions
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Primary emotions
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Uni-dimensional anthropomorphism
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
An
thro
po
mo
rph
ism
Uni-dimensional anthropomorphism
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Intelligence
An
thro
po
mo
rph
ism
Human Nature
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Level
Hu
ma
n N
atu
re
Human Nature
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Level
Hu
ma
n N
atu
re
Human Nature
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Level
Hu
ma
n N
atu
re
Human Uniqueness
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Level
Hu
ma
n U
niq
ue
ne
ss
Human Uniqueness
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Level
Hu
ma
n U
niq
ue
ne
ss
Human Uniqueness
Low High1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Emotionality
Intelligence
Level
Hu
ma
n U
niq
ue
ne
ss
Relationship between UH and HN
● Strong and highly significant correlation between these two dimensions
● Only for low HN subjects their HN and UH scores were correlated
● Similarly, only for low UH subjects their HN and UH scores were correlated
● The relation between these two dimensions is not completely straightforward
Conclusions
● Intelligence did not affect the measures of anthropomorphism, but emotionality did
● It is possible that other factors from UH dimension affect anthropomorphism
● Alternatively only HN dimension affects human-likeness
● The results indicate potential multi-dimensionality of anthroporphism in HRI
Thank you!