Post on 14-Dec-2015
Dianne E. Godar, PhD
FDA employee for 20 years
Speaking as a public citizen
The scientific opinions presented herein are not necessarily the same as those of the FDA’s.
6 out of 20 epidemiologic studies showed a positive association between “ever use” tanning lamps with melanoma.
Their melanoma data from the SEER data base ONLY dates back to ~1975 (right after release of first Tanning Lamps)
Tanning Lamp and RR for Melanoma
All Epidemiological studies in IARC report +1
6 Decreased Risk& 1 Neutral (0.73-1.00)Osterlind (Den; 0.73), Zanetti (Italy; 0.9), Holly (USA;
0.94), Bataille (UK etc; 0.90), Autier (Belg, Fran, Germ; 0.97), Naldi (Italy; 0.78), Kaskel (Germ; 1.00)
7 Weak Correlation (1.1-1.3)Westerdahl (Swed; 1.3 & 1.2), Holman (Aus; 1.1),
Chen (USA, 1.13), MacKie (UK; 1.25), Dunn-Lane (UK; 1.16), Bataille (UK; 1.19)
6 Positive (1.5-2.94)Veierød (Norw/Swed;1.55), Swedlow (UK; 2.94), Adam
(UK; 2.93), Walter (Canada; 1.54), Garbe (Germ; 1.5), Ting (USA; 1.64)
1
10
100
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Ag
e-A
dju
ste
d I
nc
ide
nc
e/1
00
K
ST
D 2
00
0 p
op
ula
ito
n
Tanning Lamps had NO Effect
Incidence Melanoma 1940-2005
UVBUVA&UVB
(2009) Godar DE, Landry RJ, Lucas AD. Med Hypotheses.;72(4):434-43.
>30 yr before Tanning
>30 yr after Tanning
0.000001
0.000010
0.000100
0.001000
0.010000
0.100000
1.000000
280 300 320 340 360 380 400
Wavelength (nm)
Frac
tion
or W
/m2.n
m
Outdoor UVRFraction Window TransmssionIndoor UVA
Sun
Glass
UVB
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
280 300 320 340 360 380 400
UV (nm)
Rel
ativ
e B
iolo
gic
Effe
ct UVA (>320 nm)
Breaks Down
Vitamin D3
MacLaughlin JA, Anderson RR, Holick MF Science. 1982;216(4549):1001-3.
Webb AR, DeCosta BR, Holick MF.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68(5):882-7.
Rel
ativ
e B
iolo
gic
Eff
ect
Vitamin D3
UVB
“The American Cancer Society estimates that this
year, 111,900 Americans will be stricken with melanoma, which is associated with excessive ultra-violet exposure.”
Is the increasing incidence of melanoma dependent on
excessive UV exposures as claimed by the
American Cancer society?
Outdoor workers ~SAME incidence Melanoma as Indoor workers [1-4]
[1] .Beral V, Robinson N. (1981) The relationship of malignant melanoma, basal and
squamous skin cancers to indoor and outdoor work. Br J Cancer. 44:886-91.[2] Elwood JM, Jopson J. (1997) Melanoma and sun exposure: an overview of published
studies. Int J Cancer.73(2):198-203. Review.[3] Vagero D, Ringback G, Kiveranta H. (1986) Br J Cancer 53:507-512.[4] Kennedy C, Bajdik CD, Willemze R, De Gruijl FR, Bouwes Bavinck JN. (2003) J Invest Dermatol
120: 1087-1093.
Outdoor workers get 3-10 times UV dose as indoor workers.[5-7]
*[5] Godar DE. UV Doses Worldwide. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:736-749. [6] Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Wulf HC. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:197-203. [7] Slaper H. 1987 Chapter 2, pp. 24-48, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Utrecht.
WHY?
Melanoma Paradox
Sun Mon Tues Weds Thurs Fri Sat
Summer -------------Work Year -----------Vacation
Indoor Workers
Outdoor WorkersV
itam
in D
3 in
Liv
ing
Ski
n
0
500
1000
1500
Summer Fall Winter Spring
Vit
am
in D 3
(IU
)/d
ay
0-5 female0-5 male 6-12 female 6-12 male 13-19 female 13-19 male0-5 female0-5 male 6-12 female 6-12 male 13-19 female 13-19 male
[1] Godar DE. 2001. UV Doses of American Children and Adolescents. Photochemistry Photobiology 74:787-793.[2] Pope SJ, Holick MF, Mackin S, Godar DE (2008) ASCF Photochem Photobiol. 8:1277-83. [3] Pope SJ, Godar DE (2010) Solar UV Geometric Conversion Factors: Horizontal plane to cylinder model.Photochem Photobiol. Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]
Seifert M, Diesel B, Meese E, Tilgen W, Reichrath J. Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in malignant melanoma: implications for growth control via local synthesis of 1,25(OH)D and detection of multiple splice variants. Exp Dermatol 2005;14:153-154.
Melanoma cells make Calcitriol from Vitamin D3
(1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)
In Vivo [1] Chida K, Hashiba H, Fukushima M, Suda T, Kuroki T. Inhibition of tumor promotion in mouse skin by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Cancer Res 1985;45:5426-5430.[2] Eisman JA, Barkla DH, Tutton PJ. Suppression of in vivo growth of human cancer solid tumor xenografts by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Res 1987;47:21-25.[3] Frampton RJ, Omond SA, Eisman JA. Inhibition of human cancer growth by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites. Cancer Res 1983;43:4443-4447.
In Vitro [1] Danielsson C, Fehsel K, Polly P, Carlberg C. Differential apoptotic response of human melanoma cells to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues. Cell Death Different 1998;5:946-951. [2] Evans SR, Houghton AM, Schumaker L, Brenner RV, Buras RR, Davoodi F, Shabahang M. Vitamin D receptor and growth inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human malignant melanoma cell lines. J Surg Res 1996;61:127-133.[3] Colston K, Colston MJ, Feldman D. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and malignant melanoma: the presence of receptors and inhibition of cell growth in culture. Endocrinol 1981;108: 1083-1086.
Vitamin D3 > Calcitriol > Suicide
Vitamin D3 “One way street” into Blood
Vitamin D3 binding protein only takes vitamin D3 from skin into blood and returns to skin “unarmed” to pick up more vitamin D3Thus, taking vitamin D3 orally does not put high enough concentrations into the skin where it is needed to kill melanoma cells