DIABETES MELLITUS

History of DMDiabetes : Greek : for “passing water like a siphon”Mellitus : Latin for “sweetened with honey”“Ebers Papyrus” (Egyptian, 1500 B.C.)first depiction of diabetes mellitus - urination of excess amounts- manipulation of diet therapy

Discovery of Insulin“insulin”= Latin for “island”• 1889;1st removal of pancreas from a dog to determine the effect of an absent pancreas by Oskar Minkowski• 1921;Discovery of insulin successful treatment of de-pancreatized dog with insulin• 1922;1st tested in a 14-year-old boy of diabetes in Toronto• 1923;Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine

Frederick Banting (1891-1941)Charles Best (1899-1978)Measurement of insulin by RIA Rosalyn S. Yalow (1921- )• 1950s; first discovery of insulin antibody • 1960s; insulin immunoasay

• 1977; Nobel prize for insulin RIA

Etiologic classification of diabetes (ADA, 1997)• Type 1 diabetes - A: autoimmune mediated b-cell destruction ICAs, islet cell autoantibodies (Ab to insulin, GAD, ICA-512/IA-2, islet ganglioside…) - B: idiopathic loss of b-cells no evidence of immunologic destruction of b-cells • Type 2 diabetes• Other specific types of

diabetes • Gestational diabetes mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes mellitusOvert diabetes Abrupt severe hyperglycemi absolut insulin dependent

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

PENATALAKSANAAN DM TYPE 2

1