CURRENT TRENDS IN DATABASE

GROUP 7

Swatanu Pankaj

Rajeev Ramchand

Nitin Vipender

Dipakshi Nishant

Definition

Data base management system is a system in which “related data” is stored in an “efficient” and

“compact” manner.

“Efficient”=data which is stored in the DBMS is accessed in very quick time “compact”=means that the data which is stored in DBMS covers very little space in the computer‘s memory

“related data“=the data which is stored in the DBMS is about some particular topic.

A DBMS is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database.

The DBMS accepts requests for data from an application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.

In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured way.

Many DBMS packages provide Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application development features.

Database servers are computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage.

Database Servers

History of DBMS

1960 – First DBMS by Charles Bachman at GE IBMs Information Management System (IMS)1970 – E.F Codd introduced the RDBMS1980 – Relational model became popular and

accepted as the main database paradigm. SQL, ANSI SQL, etc.

1980 to 1990 – New data models like ODBMS, ORDBMS powerful query languages, etc. Popular vendors are Oracle, SQL Server, IBM DB2, Informix, etc.

Difficulties with RDBMS storage and usage

Demand for data in forms other than just text

Adoption of e-Business causes rise in online DBMS capacity demand.

Growth in e-commerce and enterprise portals….Creates market for open source DBMS.

Demand for access through mobile devices….Mobile database suites

Why changing trends???

Multimedia Databases

Distributed Database

Document-oriented Databases

Mobile & embedded Databases

What are the current trends ??

Multimedia data typically means A. digital images B. audioC. videoD. animation and graphics

The acquisition, generation, storage and processing of multimedia data in computers and transmission over networks have grown tremendously in the recent past.

Multimedia Databases

Contents of MMDB

1. Media data - actual data representing images, audio, video that are captured, digitized, processed, compressed and stored.

2. Media format data - Contains information pertaining to the format of the media data after it goes through the acquisition, processing, and encoding phases.

E.g. sampling rate, resolution, frame rate, encoding scheme etc.

Multimedia Databases

Contents of MMDB

3. Media keyword data (content descriptive data ) Contains keyword descriptions, relating to the generation of the media data.

E.g., for a video, includes the date, time, place of recording , person who recorded, scene that is recorded etc.

Multimedia Databases

Contents of MMDB

4. Media feature data(content dependent data) - Contains the features derived from the media

data. A feature characterizes the media contents.

E.g., info about the distribution of colors, the kinds of textures and the different shapes present in an image.

Multimedia Databases

Querying parameters

The media keyword data and media feature data are used as indices for searching purpose. The media format data is used to present the retrieved information.

Multimedia Databases

Multimedia Databases

Some Examples

Multimedia Search Engine Multimedia.Lycos.com

Search Engine for Sounds Findsounds.com

Image Search Google.com e.g. filter image by color

Multimedia Databases

Multimedia Databases Applications of Multimedia Database

1. Streaming data

2. Interactive video

3. Digital Libraries

4. Image retrieval

1. Streaming data

Data streamData streamingUsed generally in Electronics Telecommunications Computer architecture. they require bandwidth, time dependent, no time lag Source and sink

Multimedia Databases

1. Streaming Data

modes of transmission asynchronous, synchronous, isochronous characteristics time strongly periodic, weakly periodic, aperiodic var. of consecutive packet amount strongly regular, weekly regular, irregular continuityconnected data streams, unconnected data streams

Multimedia Databases

2. Interactive video

The term interactive video usually refers to a technique used to blend interaction and linear film or video.

Example

Multimedia Databases

Interactive video inMultimedia Databases

Added text with video

3. Digital Libraries

Collections are stored in digital formats (not as print, or other media)The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system.Example

Multimedia Databases

Multimedia DatabasesWorld Digital Library @ US Library of Congress, Washington D.C.

4. Image Retrieval

Multimedia Databases

A distributed database is a collection of multiple, logically interrelated databases of the same system distributed over various sites of a

computer network.

Sometimes "distributed database system" is used to refer jointly to the distributed database

and the distributed DBMS.

Distributed Databases

2 aspects of a distributed database:1.Distribution : Data are not resident at the same site, so that we can distinguish a distributed database from a single, centralized database. 2.Logical correlation : Data have some properties which tie them together, so that we can distinguish a distributed database from a set of local databases or files which are resident at different sites of a computer network.

Distributed Databases

Distributed Databases

Examples

Cloud computing services

All major social and professional networking sites use distributed databases

Distributed Databases

Each record (document) might have a different format (number and size of fields)Don’t store data in tables with uniform sized fields for each record. Instead, each record is stored as a document that has certain characteristics. Any number of fields of any length can be added to a document. Fields can also contain multiple pieces of data.

Document-oriented database

A document:FirstName=“Anna“, Address=“Denver“Hobby="singing"

Another document :FirstName=“Anurag", Address=“Thane“Hobby=“dancing”NickName=“mishra”

Document-oriented database

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <Student> <FirstName>Anna</FirstName> <Address>Denver</Address> <Hobby>singing</Hobby> </Student>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <Student> <FirstName>Anurag</FirstName> <Address>Thane</Address> <Hobby>dancing</Hobby> <NickName>mishra</Nickname> </Student>

How will the XMLLook like

How will the XMLLook like

All XML databases are doc-oriented DBs

Apache's CoucheDB is an example of a free & open source document-oriented database

There are various other such providers

Document-oriented database

Many daily-use devices contain databasesTVs, washing machines, mobile phonese.g. Android phones with SQLite database

Embedded databases in cars, airplanes etc.manage configurations & store sensor datae.g. db4o object database used in BMW Car IT system

Mobile & embedded database

Data is highly valuable for every business organization.

The trends just depict mere examples of what is in store for us

in the future.