CRT review III

Organs and Organ Systems

The order of organization

• Name the correct order of organization from simple to most complex.

• Cell, tissue, organ, system• Ability to maintain a stable environment is . . . . .• Homeostasis.• What part of the body is responisible for

homeostasis?• Any of the organ systems work to maintain

homeostasis. Also, cell membrane and your metabolism.

Respiration

• Which system maintains homeostasis by gas exchange?

• Respiratory system.

• Where does most gas exchange in plants take place?

• Leaves (photosynthesis)

Respiration

• Gills are the organs fish use to get oxygen from their environment for cellular respiration. Under a microscope, fish gills look somewhat like a feather with its many small, thin extensions. Why are fish gills feather-like rather than smooth?

• The feather-like structure increases the surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

• In humans, where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?

• lungs

Blood

• Blood is made mostly of?• Water• Why is water the universal solvent?• Because it is polar• Cell is made mostly of?• Water• Why do we care?• Because of water’s solvent properties it can dissolve

many different types of substances in the blood, and water helps stuff to pass through the cell membrane

• What does the cell membrane look like?• Polar heads, (like water)

Water and blood

• Blood is a liquid tissue that contains cells as well as dissolved gases, wastes, and nutrients floating around in what?

• Plasma • Plasma is mainly made up of?• Water.• Why can glucose and other nutrients

dissolve in plasma?• Because of waters solvent properties.

Blood

• Blood vessels in humans do what?• Transport water and minerals.• What transports water and minerals in plants?• The Xylem and phloem(p. 629)• How do we know that the xylem and phloem of a

plant are similar to the veins and arteries of a human?

• We observe and record both organisms under many similar conditions.

Blood vessels

• How would the total cross-sectional (or surface) area of capillaries compare to arteries and veins?

• Capillaries have more surface area per volume ratio.

Circulatory system

• Draw the three kinds.• How many chambers is a fish heart?• Two• How many chambers is an amphibians

heart?• 3• How many chambers is a mammals heart?• 4

Plants vs. animals

• Xylem – transports water and minerals Blood vessels transport

water and minerals

Stoma gas exchange in leaves

Alveoli – gas exchange in lungs

Valves vs. sphincters.

• How are valves in the circulatory system similar to sphincters in the digestive system?

• Both limit movement of substances through the system.

Heart

• An artificial pacemaker delivers electric shocks at regular intervals to make the heart beat. What part of the heart is simulated to beat?

• Muscle tissue

The heart

• What is cardiac output?

• The amount of blood that the heart pumps each minute.

• What is the stroke volume?

• The amount of blood pumped each time the heart contracts.

• Cardiac output = Stroke volume X heart rate.

Cardiac output.(P 824)

• The cardiac output of a student who eats right and exercises regularly should be higher or lower than a lethargic student?

• Higher.

• Does cardiac increase or decrease during heavy exercise?

• Increases (can increase 5 times)

heart

• What happens to blood pressure when you exercise?

• It increases

• What happens to heart rate when you exercise?

• It increases.

Exercise

• What relationship exists between lactic acid and exercise?

• The concentration of lactic acid increased after exercise because cells went into oxygen debt.

Skin

• Oil glands are connected to what?

• Hair follicles.

• What do oil glands do?

• Prevent hair from drying out

• keeps the skin soft and pliable

• and inhibits the growth of some bacteria (p. 924)

Skin

• What feature of the skin allows it to protect the rest of the body?

• It is composed of several layers.

Kidney

• What is the main job of the kidney?

• To remove waste from the blood.

Respiration

What feature of the alveoli makes them able to do gas exchange?

• They are made of thin walled sacks that have large surface area/volume.

(like respiration) Fermentation

• When you make bread, you add yeast and water and some sugar. What makes the bread rise?

• Yeast causes a gas to be released.

• What is the gas? (hint it is like respiration)

• Carbon dioxide

Reproduction

• Where does egg production occur?

• In the ovary

Gall bladder

• What is the gall bladder used for?

• To store bile.

• What does bile do?

• Breaks down fat.

Nervous system

• Which system is primarily responsible for reaction time?

• Nervous system

• What is dominant sense in humans?

• Vision