Anatomy unit 1 introduction organ system and organization notes
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Transcript of Anatomy unit 1 introduction organ system and organization notes
(1) Living Organization• All living things are made of cells and
atoms/molecules.
• Levels of Organization:– Atoms and Molecules– Organelles and Cells– Tissues– Organs– Organ Systems– Organism
(2) Atoms, Molecules & Reactions
• The basis of all living things is atoms.
• All living things contain at least the following biological elements:C H O N P S
• All cellular processes are driven by energy exchange and the movement and reacting of different molecules.
(3) Homeostasis• Involuntary processes and reactions are in place to
maintain Homeostasis within cells.
• Homeostasis = Internal stability / balance.
• Examples:– Shivering when cold.– Production of red blood cells when oxygen drops.– Buffering of acidic foods using bicarbonate.
(4) Nervous System• Function:– Controls all other organ systems.– Allows you to respond to changes/stimuli.– Allows you to maintain homeostasis.
• Made Up Of:– Brain– Spinal Cord– Nerves – Neurons
(5) Lymphatic System• (A.K.A. The Immune System)
• Function:– Protect body against harmful infectious agents +
compounds.
• Made Up Of:– White Blood Cells– Antibodies and Antigens– Lymph Vessels, Nodes, and Fluid
(6) Cardiovascular System• Function:– Work with the respiratory system to circulate gases.– Pump nutrients throughout the body to working
tissues.
• Made Up Of:– Heart– Blood Vessels– Blood + Blood Cells
(7) Respiratory System• Function:– Work with the cardiovascular system to circulate gases.– Bring oxygen into body + expel carbon dioxide.
• Made Up Of:– Nasal Cavity– Trachea + Bronchioles– Lungs– Diaphragm
(8) Skeletal System• Function:– Provide body support and mobility.– Protect organs.– Store minerals and growth hormones.
• Made Up Of:– Bones– Joints– Cartilage
(9) Muscular System• Function:– Allow for body mobility by working with skeletal
system.– Produce body heat.– Allow for organ function and movement.
• Made Up Of:– Muscle – Ligaments + Tendons
(10) Digestive System• Function:– Break food into smaller pieces.– Metabolize biomolecules within food.– Absorb useful nutrients + expel waste.
• Made Up Of:– Oral Cavity + Esophagus– Stomach– Small + Large Intestine– Rectum + Anus
(11) Excretory System• (A.K.A. The Urinary System)
• Function:– Filter Blood.– Remove excessive / harmful compounds within blood.
• Made Up Of:– Kidneys– Ureters– Bladder– Urethra
(12) Reproductive System• Function:– Pass genes on to produced offspring.
• Made Up Of:– Male Sperm, Testes, Penis– Female Eggs, Ovaries + Uterus, Vagina
(13) Endocrine System• Function:– Produce hormones.– Control and initiate the progress of growth,
development, organ function, and reproduction.
• Made Up Of:– Glands– Hormones