Post on 21-Apr-2015
SONOGRAPHIC SCANNING
PLANES
by OKSANA H. BALTAROWICH, M.D. Jefferson Ultrasound Research & Education Institute
We gratefully acknowledge support of this project by the Open Society Institute-New York
BASIC PRINCIPLES
We learn anatomy in standard and cross-sectional planes.
We scan the body in sections and reproduce a mental 3-D picture of the internal organs.
Every organ or area of interest must be scanned in at least two perpendicular planes in order to obtain a 3-D picture.
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
Anatomical position
Erect
Facing forward
Main reference plane
Median sagittal plane
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
MEDIAN SAGITTAL PLANE
• Longitudinal, vertical plane
• Divides the body into right and left halves
• All sagittal planes are parallel to the median sagittal plane
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
CORONAL PLANES
• Longitudinal, vertical planes
• Divide the body into anterior and posterior, front and back parts
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
TRANSVERSE PLANES
• Horizontal, transaxial planes
• Divide the body into superior and inferior, cranial (cephalic) and caudal (tail) parts
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
OBLIQUE PLANES
• Inclined from the standard planes
• In any direction
• Difficult to describe
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
SUPINE
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
SUPINE
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
SUPINE SAGITTAL
Whether erect or supine, anatomical reference planes are the
same
H F
A
B
H F
H F
A
B
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
PRONE
A
B
FH
A
B
FH
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
Whether erect or supine, anatomical reference planes are the same
SUPINE TRANSVERSE
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
SUPINE TRANSVERSE
R L
A
B
R L
A
B
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
PRONE TRANSVERSE
L R
B
A
ANATOMICAL REFERENCE PLANES
Whether erect or supine, anatomical reference planes are the same
SUPINE CORONAL
R L
H
F
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
RIGHT LATERAL DECUBITUS
HH FF
LL
RR
ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
LEFT LATERAL DECUBITUS
HH FF
LL
RR
CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY
Series of Sections
Transverse SagittalCoronal