Alia Ali Bhutto

cognitive Stylistics

Cognitive stylistics is an advanced field on the crossroads of linguistics, cognitive science and literary studies that presupposes the integration of linguistic analysis with cognitive theories

Cognitive stylistics approach is suitable to explain the linguistic construction of world-view in texts.

I. A. Richards laid the foundations for cognitive stylistics. It was from cognitive psychology that Richards drew upon to build a theory of literature and interpretation – which in itself prefigured cognitive stylistics.

Origin

is the interface between linguistics, literary studies and cognitive science

extends the boundaries of linguistic analysis of literature by articulating different theories such as schema theory, cognitive metaphor theory or conceptual metaphor theory, theory, text to world theory, foregrounding theory, mental space theories.

Cogni t ive sty l i s t ics

Schema theory •Psychologist Richard gives “Schema Theory”.•Schema theory is often used to assist the learning of a second language. It helps learners to activate their background knowledge.•Well-known linguist Pigaet was also interested in cognitive development. He described “Schema” as “Cognitive structures or mental maps”.

Cognitive Metaphor Theory

•It was first explored by “George Lakoff” and “Mark Johnson” (1980-1999) in their work of “Metaphors”. •Conceptual metaphor, or cognitive metaphor, refers to the understanding of one idea, or conceptual domain, in terms of another. An example of this is the understanding of quantity in terms of directionality.

For Example: "the price of peace is rising"

They consider Metaphor as:

*Cognitive tools, not literary style figures

*A means of understand abstract concepts in term of more concrete ones

*Involving the mapping of image-schematic structure from a source experience domain to target experience domain.

Text-To-World Theory

Text-to-world. Text-to-self connections are highly personal connections that a reader makes between a piece of reading material and the reader's own experiences or life

Originated by  Paul Werth (1990)

Text-to-world is a cognitive model of human discourse processing

 Text-to- World Theory has been used as a means of analyzing a broad range of discourse types, from street directions to newspaper language.

Foregrounding Theory

Foregrounding is the practice of making something stand out from the surrounding words or images.

The term was first associated with Paul Garvin in the 1960

Views of different linguist for cognitive stylistics

Chomsky

Cognitive stylistics is ever changing as more knowledge is gained and added to the catalogue of information already in existence.