Post on 05-Jan-2016
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Civil Rights
Summary
Gender Equity
NAACP
Famous Figures
Racial Policy Development14th Amendment: 1868
Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896Separate But Equal
Brown v Board of Education: 1954Desegregation of Public Schools
Racial Policy Development
The Civil Rights Act of 1964Public Discrimination Ruled Unlawful
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
The Civil Rights Act of 1968Equal Housing
Racial Policy Development
Affirmative ActionLBJ: Executive order 11246 in 1965
Gender Equality
First Women’s College 1821• Emma Willard
Oberlin College1833: Accepts Women
1841: Allows Women to Graduate
Gender Equality
National Women’s Party: 1916First Woman Elected to House of Rep.
19th Amendment: 1920Women’s Suffrage
Gender Equality
Equal Rights Act Proposed: 1923NWP
Equal Pay Act: 1963The Commission on Status of Women
• 1963: 58.9% of Men
• 1995: 71.4% of Men
• “Glass Ceiling”
Gender Equality
National Organization of Women: 1966Created in an effort to pass ERA and to Enforce Title VII of CRA
1972: Nixon Supports ERA, Congress Passes ERA, but States Refuse To Ratify ERAEqual Credit Opportunity Act: 1974
Gender Equality
Education Amendments Act: 1972Title IX: Equal Representation in Men's and Women's Athletics
• 1971: 1 in 27
• 1998: 1 in 2.5
NAACP
Its Historical Development:
Then and Now
Background Info: NAACPFounded in 1909 in New York City by a group committed to social justiceObjective: To ensure political, social, economic, equality of minority group citizensEstablishes legal precedents to improve life for the lower classesFounders: W.E.B. Du Bois, William English Walling, Ida Wells-BarnettToday: Network of more than 2,200 affiliates; including Japan and GermanyOldest and largest civil rights organizationPresident and CEO– Kweisi Mfume
Timeline
1909: NAACP founded by multiracial groups of activists
1910: Guinn v. United States struck down grandfather clause as unconstitutional (15th Amendment)
1913: President Woodrow Wilson officially introduces segregation in Federal government
1917: Buchanan v. Supreme Court blacks can’t be segregated residential districts
Timeline Continued
1918: Woodrow Wilson finally makes a public statement against lynching
1920: First Annual Conference held (sign of strength)
1941: Ensure equal employment in federal industries (President F.D.R.)
1945: Demand monetary support by national government like other progressive programs
Working through the Courts
90 yrs of political pressure, marches, demonstrations, and effective lobbying
1st major campaign: laws against lynching
1930’s: Shift to economic conditionsFDR’s Fair Employment Practices Committee ban racial discrimination in industries which received federal contracts
WWII: End discrimination in Armed Services/ Employment opportunities at home
Working through the Courts
Brown v. Board of Education: End of racial discrimination at schools
NAACP produced Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1964
Voting Rights Act 1965
1968 Fair Housing Act
Fair Share Program
Early 1970’s: Anticipated progressive withdrawal of the broad-based role of the federal government
National public policy no longer was the principal tool for income redistribution, job creation, and training programs for minorities
1981: Focus on private sector for African American economic advancement
Objective: Create employment opportunities with private sector companies
Fair Share Program
Goals:Establish minority programs, including utilization of African American contractors, professionals, financial institutionsAggressive affirmative action programsPromote contributions to various worthy African American causes and organizationsCreation of investment and ownership opportunities for African American businesses
Issues NAACP is Battling Today
Search for Tougher Hate Crime Laws passed by the national government
Halt Anti-affirmative action
Hateful Killings
Arthur J.R. Warren was black and gayBeaten to death and then run over several times to make it look like a hit-and-run
Parents with civil rights groups on July 20, 2000 met the U.S. Justice Department in Washington D.C.Urges Congress to pass Hate Crimes Prevention Act
Stronger penalties for persons who injure someone on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, sexual origin
Anti-Affirmative Action
Ward Connerly, a black Conservative,was unsuccessful to to place an anti-affirmative action on Florida’s November ballot (2000)
Succeed in California and Washington state
NAACP continue to fight Jeb Bush’s “One Florida plan”
Bans considerations of race and gender
NAACP: DiscriminationEducation, Health Care
Milwaukee Board of School Directors (2/15/2001)
Education is necessary to succeed in lifeSegregation with the sanction of law creates feelings of inferiority and deprive the minorities with quality education.Ordered a return to neighborhood schools
Wisconsin Gov. Tommy Thompson ordered a 10% reduction in busing
African Americans make up 61% of students at public schools
Extensive residential segregation
Milwaukee Board of School Directors (2/15/2001)
Challenges: How to makes sure that a return to neighborhood schools does not deprive African Americans a proper education
How to limit busing by encouraging more people to attend their neighborhood schools
Guarantee that there are enough schools in the neighborhoods where children live
Milwaukee School Desegregation
1976: 73 MPS were more than 90% white, while 31 school were more than 90% black
With integration, Black students need buses to travel such long distances
$1.2 billion needed to ensure that all children had access to early childhood education, lower class size, computers, etc.
NAACP Health
Continues to be deeply concerned about the economic and social barriers of health care that affect minorities
Educate people about costs, quality and access, professional training
Goals:Developing national health education initiatives
Expanding outreach in communities
Sponsoring programs with other health groups
Leaders in the Quest for Civil Rights
W. E. Du Bois (1868-1963a.d)Cesar Chavez (1927-1993a.d.)
Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993a.d.)
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906a.d.)
William Edward Du Bois(1868-1963a.d.)
• Founder of the NAACP (1909)
• Editor of The Crisis magazine (1910-1934)
• Conducted sociological investigations of blacks in America
• Administered first case study of a black community in the United States
• Supporter of protest in order to achieve social change
Cesar Estrada Chavez(1927-1993a.d.)
Organizer and leader of migrant farm workersCreated United Farm Workers of America (UFW)Led strike and boycott in order to improve workers rights (1965)Gain right to organize farm workers into a labor union (1977)
Thurgood Marshall(1908-1993a.d.)
First African-American member of the supreme court (1967-1991)
Successfully argued Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Won many landmark cases for the advancement of civil rights
Chief of NAACP’s legal staff (1940)
Supported rights of minorities while serving on Supreme Court
Susan Brownell Anthony(1820-1906a.d.)
Pioneer crusader for the Women’s Rights movement President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (1892-1900)Leader in the development of the 19th amendment (1920)Published The Revolution, a periodical calling for the advancement of women