PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA

USES OF AMMONIAMANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA

Ammonia and Its Salts

Proudly done by : Muhamad Aqmal Awalludin,Calvin Jiksing,Siti

Nabihah Mohamad Rozy. 4 Intelek 2010

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Group Members

Muhamad Aqmal bin Awalludin• Melaka• Single with 4 children.

Calvin Jiksing• Kuala Penyu, Sabah.• Married to books.

Siti Nabihah binti Mohamad Rozy• Anywhere on Earth• Engaged to Robinson Crusoe

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Uses of Ammonia

Prepared by : Calvin Jiksing

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Uses of Ammonia

Making of fertilisers

Manufacture nitric acid

Revive fainted people

Electrolyte in dry cells

Synthetic fibres

Making of explosives

Prevent coagulation Cooling agent

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

To manufacture nitrogenous fertiliser

needed for plant growth.

As raw material for the manufacture of nitric

acid.

Ammonia is used to make nitric acid through Ostwald process.

Uses of Ammonia

The nitrogenous fertilisers are actually ammonium salts obtained from neutralisation of ammonia with different acids.

These fertilisers include :

(a)Ammonium phosphate (b)Ammonium nitrate (c)Ammonium sulphate (d)Urea

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

As a cooling agent in refrigerators.

To prevent coagulation of latex.

Liquid ammonia is used as cooling agent in refrigerator because ammonia is highly compressible and has a high heat capacity.

Ammonia can neutralise the acid produced by bacteria in the latex, thus preventing latex from coagulating and can be exported in the liquid form.

Uses of Ammonia

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Properties of Ammonia

Prepared by : Muhamad Aqmal bin Awalludin

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Ammonia?

is alkaline is a colourless gas

has a pungent smell

is less dense than air

burns in oxygen gas, O2 but not

in the air

is very soluble in water

gives a white fune when

reacted with hydrogen

chloride gas, HCl.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Properties of Ammonia

• 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)

Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acid to form ammonium sulphate.

• NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH2Cl(s)

Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form dense white fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as a test for detecting ammonia gas.

• Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali.

• Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Manufacture of

AmmoniaPrepared by : Siti Nabihah binti Mohamad Rozy

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How was the Ammonia being manufactured?

through Haber Process.

So, what is

Haber

Process?

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Haber Process

Was invented in 1918 by a Noble Prize winner, Fritz Haber (1868-1934).

This reaction makes ammonia out of hydrogen and nitrogen.

The nitrogen comes from the air (78% N).

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

The Haber Process

The Haber process is a reversible reaction.A reversible reaction is one where the products

of the reaction can themselves react to produce the original reactants.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1

The conditions below are needed in manufacturing Ammonia.• Temperature : 450˚C• Pressure : 200 atm• Catalyst : Iron

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N2 (g)   +   3H2 (g)   <---->   2NH3 (g)

Reversible equation!

Remember !

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Haber Process – Manufacture of Ammonia

Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3 through the Haber Process

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Air Nitrogen HydrogenNatural

Gas

•The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm and heated to about 450˚C.

•The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed over a catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia is formed.

•About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving the catalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixture is cooled, the ammonia turns into a liquid.

The unreacted Nitrogen and Hydrogen are

recycled.

Liquid Ammonia !

Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan

Copy this in your notebook!

Key facts

1. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio2. Because the reaction is reversible not all the

nitrogen and hydrogen will convert to ammonia.3. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and

liquefies in the condenser4. The H and N which do not react are passed

through the system again so they are not wasted.

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End of Ammonia

Thanks for not sleeping!

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SM SAINS LABUAN PERKASA 2010