Chemistry - Ammonia and Its Salt (Slide Show)
Transcript of Chemistry - Ammonia and Its Salt (Slide Show)
PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA
USES OF AMMONIAMANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA
Ammonia and Its Salts
Proudly done by : Muhamad Aqmal Awalludin,Calvin Jiksing,Siti
Nabihah Mohamad Rozy. 4 Intelek 2010
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Group Members
Muhamad Aqmal bin Awalludin• Melaka• Single with 4 children.
Calvin Jiksing• Kuala Penyu, Sabah.• Married to books.
Siti Nabihah binti Mohamad Rozy• Anywhere on Earth• Engaged to Robinson Crusoe
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Uses of Ammonia
Prepared by : Calvin Jiksing
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Uses of Ammonia
Making of fertilisers
Manufacture nitric acid
Revive fainted people
Electrolyte in dry cells
Synthetic fibres
Making of explosives
Prevent coagulation Cooling agent
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To manufacture nitrogenous fertiliser
needed for plant growth.
As raw material for the manufacture of nitric
acid.
Ammonia is used to make nitric acid through Ostwald process.
Uses of Ammonia
The nitrogenous fertilisers are actually ammonium salts obtained from neutralisation of ammonia with different acids.
These fertilisers include :
(a)Ammonium phosphate (b)Ammonium nitrate (c)Ammonium sulphate (d)Urea
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As a cooling agent in refrigerators.
To prevent coagulation of latex.
Liquid ammonia is used as cooling agent in refrigerator because ammonia is highly compressible and has a high heat capacity.
Ammonia can neutralise the acid produced by bacteria in the latex, thus preventing latex from coagulating and can be exported in the liquid form.
Uses of Ammonia
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Properties of Ammonia
Prepared by : Muhamad Aqmal bin Awalludin
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Ammonia?
is alkaline is a colourless gas
has a pungent smell
is less dense than air
burns in oxygen gas, O2 but not
in the air
is very soluble in water
gives a white fune when
reacted with hydrogen
chloride gas, HCl.
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Properties of Ammonia
• 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)
Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acid to form ammonium sulphate.
• NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH2Cl(s)
Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to form dense white fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as a test for detecting ammonia gas.
• Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali.
• Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.
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Manufacture of
AmmoniaPrepared by : Siti Nabihah binti Mohamad Rozy
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How was the Ammonia being manufactured?
through Haber Process.
So, what is
Haber
Process?
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Haber Process
Was invented in 1918 by a Noble Prize winner, Fritz Haber (1868-1934).
This reaction makes ammonia out of hydrogen and nitrogen.
The nitrogen comes from the air (78% N).
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The Haber Process
The Haber process is a reversible reaction.A reversible reaction is one where the products
of the reaction can themselves react to produce the original reactants.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1
The conditions below are needed in manufacturing Ammonia.• Temperature : 450˚C• Pressure : 200 atm• Catalyst : Iron
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N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <----> 2NH3 (g)
Reversible equation!
Remember !
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Haber Process – Manufacture of Ammonia
Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3 through the Haber Process
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Air Nitrogen HydrogenNatural
Gas
•The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm and heated to about 450˚C.
•The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed over a catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia is formed.
•About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving the catalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixture is cooled, the ammonia turns into a liquid.
The unreacted Nitrogen and Hydrogen are
recycled.
Liquid Ammonia !
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Copy this in your notebook!
Key facts
1. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio2. Because the reaction is reversible not all the
nitrogen and hydrogen will convert to ammonia.3. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and
liquefies in the condenser4. The H and N which do not react are passed
through the system again so they are not wasted.
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End of Ammonia
Thanks for not sleeping!
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