Chapter 8: Objectives Explain how to use a server in a

home or office network Install a server Set up a server Manage and monitor a server Design a server-based office network

Using a Server in an Office Network

A number of advantages More powerful resource sharing with less delays Enables central management of resources Offers strong security for shared resources Brings better organization to users and

resources Manage distributed access of data files and

databases More networking tools available than a

workstation

Activity 8-2: Starting a Computer’s BIOS Setup Program

Time Required: 15 minutes Objective: Open the BIOS setup program on a

computer. Description: Start the BIOS setup program so

that you know where to set the disk boot priority on a computer. If your computer does not display a key combination for the BIOS setup on the first screens presented, you may have to consult the user's manual. Before starting, save any work and shut down your computer.

Monitoring Users with the who and finger Commands

who command: monitors who is logged in

Useful options for who command am i for information about your own session whoami to see what account you are using -H to show column headings -u to show idle time for each user -q for a quick list and total of users logged in -b to verify when the system was last booted

finger command: for display of users on a system

Network Operating Systems

Functions of the NOS

Provide network communication Manage network resources Control access Provide internetworking Provide management and end-user

utilities

Provide Network Communication

Network Layer Data Link Layer Peer-to-peer connectivity

Server-Centric

Server 1

Server 2

Server 3

Client

3 logins (3 IDs, Passwords)

Network-Centric

Server 1

Server 2

Server 3

Client

1 login (1 ID, Password)

Network-Centric Benefits Easier to manage Easier for end-user Scalable Often logical resource definitions

Required Services of Network Operating Systems: Traditional vs. Emerging

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 07-04

Traditional Requirements

FILE SERVICES

PRINTER SERVICES

Emerging Requirements

APPLICATION SERVICES

DIRECTORY SERVICES

INTEGRATION/MIGRATION SERVICES

Database back-end engines Messaging/communication back-end engines

SUPPORT FOR: 32 bit symmetrical multi-processing Pre-emptive multi-tasking Applications run in protected memory mode Multithreading

Global directory or naming services All network objects defined in single location and shared by all applications Directory information is stored in replicated, distributed databases for reliability, redundancy, fault tolerance

Allow multiple different client network operating systems to transparently interoperate with multiple, different server network operating systems Provide easy-to-implement paths for upgrades to more recent versions or migration to different network operating systems

All services delivered seamlessly across multiple server platforms regardless of installed network operating system

Novell NetWare 4.x

Network-centric NetWare Directory Service (NDS)

replaces bindery Object hierarchy Distributed database

Configuration information independent of server

Netware Directory Services

NetWare 4.x contains a global database called the NetWare Directory Service (NDS).

Users may now view resources that are available from any servers as though they were being presented by a single source.

Services are listed in organized in the database in a hierarchical matter much like the company's organizational chart.

NDS Containers

NDS Objects

NetWare Directory Services

Logical object represent real objects

Each object stored in database Objects organized hierarchically Objects have properties

Rights Inheritance Another powerful feature of NDS is rights

inheritance. Inheritance means that rights "flow down" to all containers in the NDS tree.

This allows you to grant NDS rights with very few rights assignments. For example, suppose you want to grant management rights to the NDS objects shown below:

Rights Inheritance

Rights Inheritance You could make any of the following

assignments: If you grant a user rights to Allentown, the user

can only manage objects in the Allentown container.

If you grant a user rights to East, the user can manage objects in the East, Allentown, and Yorktown containers.

If you grant a user rights to YourCo, the user can manage any objects in any of the containers shown.

Drive Mapping Client

Network Neighborhood NWCLIENT

AUTOEXEC.BAT Login script Map command

MAP [params] drive: = path ex.: map f: = sys:users MAP MAP /?

OSI Layers and NT

Trusted Domains

DomainA

DomainB

DomainA

DomainB

- Single logon - “Assistant” admins - users and groups managed

on trusted - trusting manages resources - splitting users can improve

performance - many configurations

possible

trusting trusted

Win2000 Version

Standard Edition 4 4G“The mainstream business server”

Advanced Server 8 8G “A more powerful mid-range server”

Data Center Server 16 32G “The most powerful and functional server”

Proc

esso

rsM

emor

y

Figure 7-17 UNIX, TCP/IP, and NFS as a Network Operating System

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 07-17

User Presentation X-Windows

Front-End Client Applications

Network Aware File System NFS

Network Communications Protocols TCP/IP

Operating System UNIX

Hardware

Back-End Server Applications

Network Aware File System NFS

Network Communications Protocols TCP/IP

Operating System UNIX

Hardware

UNIX Client

UNIX Server

TCP/IP

UNIX File System

The UNIX file system enables support for multiple file systems on the same disk by dividing the disk into multiples slices (partitions).

Each disk has a single root. File systems in both NetWare and

Windows NT follow this model.

Figure 7-19 UNIX File System

GOLDMAN: DATACOMM FIG. 07-19

bin dev etc user tmp lib

jim susan eric grant

/ (root)

LAN DLAN

Absolute path to file LAN in subdirectory jim: /user/jim/LAN Relative path to the same file if subdirectory jim were the current directory: jim/LAN

link

subdirectory

file

KEY

Global vs. Domain Directory Services Global directory services (NetWare’s NDS)

organize all network and user resource data into a single hierarchical database. This provides a single point of user and resource management. It may be distributed and replicated; all servers can see all parts of the hierarchy.

Domain directory services (Windows NT Server) see the network as a series of linked subdivisions known as domains. Domain delivery services associate network users and resources with a primary server (PDC); each domain’s directory must be individually established and maintained.