Transcript of Chapter 2: England’s 17 th Century in North America.
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- Chapter 2: Englands 17 th Century in North America
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- The English Settle in North America Spread of Settlement:
Atlantic Coast European
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- Settling the British Colonies Unlike the Spanish & French,
the British colonies were not funded or strictly controlled by the
king: Joint-stock companies were formed by investors who hoped to
profit off new colonies Once a charter was gained from the king,
the company could maintain a colony in America
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- Colonizing Virginia: Jamestown 1607 - Jamestown became the
first permanent English settlement in North America One ruler,
Powhatan, controlled virtually all of the Indians nearby. Jamestown
built on a swamp - mosquitoes and malaria
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- Queen Elizabeths Visit to Jamestown in 1957 On its 350 th Year
of Founding
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- Queen Elizabeths Visit to Jamestown in 2007 On its 400 th Year
of Founding
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- He who will not work, will not eat John Smith took control,
forced colonists to farm, & negotiated with nearby Powhatan
Indians Winter of 1609-1610 starving time - over 80% of 500
settlers died. Smith negotiated with the Powhatan to obtain access
to more food Implemented a no work, no food policy in the
colony
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- Colonizing Virginia: Jamestown (2) Capt. John Smith rallied the
settlers at Jamestown Captured by Powhatan and threatened with
execution Smith was saved by Powhatans daughter Pocahontas Smith
returned to England in 1609
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- Colonizing Virginia: Jamestown (3) 1613 tobacco (stinking weed)
imported to Jamestown by John Rolfe Developed a pleasant smoking
strain Tobacco would become the feature cash crop of Virginia
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- Virginia Workers To meet the demand for field workers,
Virginians used: Indentured servants from England; Typically poor
men who agreed to work for a land owner for 4-7 yrs in exchange for
travel to America In 1618, the headright system was created; 50
acres were given to anyone who brought an indentured servant to
America African slaves
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- Social Hierarchy in the Chesapeake TOBACCO was the basis of
wealth & cause of social inequalities The owners of tobacco
plantations Small farmers were the largest class; Came as
indentured servants; most were very poor Indentured servants were
often mistreated African slaves There were very few women in
Virginia, which made it difficult for colonists to marry or to have
families
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- The Massachusetts Colonies: Plymouth, 1620 Pilgrims =
Separatists Left on the Mayflower, Sept. 16, 1620 Mayflower Compact
- laws for the new community 1621 - only half of the 101 who had
crossed the Atlantic were still alive William Bradford -
governor
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- The Massachusetts Colonies: Boston, 1630 1629 non-Separatists
got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co. Wanted to escape attacks
by conservatives in the Church of England. They didnt want to leave
the Church, just its impurities. 1630 1,000 people set off in 11
well-stocked ships. Established a colony with Boston as its hub.
Great Migration of the 1630s. Turmoil in England [leading to the
English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America
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- The Great Puritan Migration
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- Massachusetts Bay Colony Founded in 1630 Elected Puritan leader
John Winthrop as governor Advocated that the Puritans establish a
city upon a hill as an example to all people of what a godly
community could be
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- In what ways was colonial New England different from colonial
Virginia?
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- New England Colonies, 1650
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- The Separatists (known as Pilgrims) formed a joint- stock
company & received a royal charter to create the Plymouth
Colony in America The Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact
agreeing to work together as a civil body politick (this agreement
became the 1st example of self- government in America) The Pilgrims
in Plymouth
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- Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 Faced disease & hunger;
received help from local natives like Squanto & Massasoit In
1691, Plymouth was absorbed into the larger, more successful
Massachusetts Bay colony The Pilgrims in Plymouth
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- Puritans tried to remain within the Church of England, but: In
1629, many Puritans felt King Charles I was ruining England
Puritans arrived in Boston in 1630 From 1630-1640, John Winthrop
led 16,000 Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay colony as part of the
Great Migration Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
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- The Great Puritan Migration
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- What makes New England society unique?
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- Winthrop wanted to build Boston as a city on a hill to be a
model to other Christians The Massachusetts colony was very
different from Virginia: Settlers usually came as families New
England was generally a healthy place to live Settlers sacrificed
for the common good, built schools, focused on subsistence farming
A City on a Hill
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- Social Hierarchy in New England Local elite were religious
leaders who ran town meetings Large population of small- scale
farmers who were loyal to the local community Small population of
landless laborers, servants, & poor RELIGION was the center of
society
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- What functions could this building have served in New
England?
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- Government in Massachusetts centered on the church through town
meetings: Each Massachusetts town was independently governed by
local church members All adult male church members were allowed to
vote for local laws & taxes Massachusetts Government
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- Town Meetings
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- Puritans did not support dissent: Roger Williams was banished
from Massachusetts when he demanded that Indians be paid for their
land; He formed the Rhode Island colony in 1636 Anne Hutchinson was
banished to Rhode Island for challenging Puritan leaders authority
Limiting Dissent in NE
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- After absorbing Plymouth, the Massachusetts colony grew &
spawned 4 new colonies: New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut New
Haven Mobility and Division
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- What is going on in this image?
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- As the New England colonies expanded into new lands, conflicts
with Indians arose: Pequot War in 1637 led to the massacre of 600
Indians (the 1st major British-led attack on Indians) King Philips
War in 1675 resulted when the Wampanoag raided towns, killing 10%
of the colonial New England men Tensions in New England
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- What might have caused the hysteria?
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- By the 1660s, many New England towns experienced a drop-off in
church membership & responded with the Halfway Covenant:
Granted church membership to people who had not had a conversion
experience This compromise revealed the declining importance of
religion in New England Tensions in New England
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- In 1692, the Salem witchcraft trials led to the death of 19
& imprisonment of 150 citizens: Caused by a variety of factors:
Indians attacks, religious fanaticism, lack of available land,
accusations by local girls Tensions in New England
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- Salem Witch Craft Trials, 1692
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- On the map provided, label each: Virginia Massachusetts
Plymouth Rhode Island For each of the above colonies, create a
symbol that summarizes the characteristics of the colony Closure
Activity
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- Complete the following chart then identify the most significant
similarities & differences between the Chesapeake & New
England colonies ChesapeakeNew England Political Economic
Social
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- Essential Question: What are the similarities & differences
among the Southern, New England, & Middle colonies?
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- The Massachusetts Colonies: Connecticut & Rhode Island
Thomas Hooker - led followers to Connecticut in 1636. Fundamental
Order of Connecticut - gave all free men the right to vote for
their leaders Roger Williams - banished to Rhode Island in 1636
Anne Hutchinson - excommunicated by Winthrop in 1637, ended up in
Rhode Island
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- Dissention in the Colony Anne Hutchinson Articulate,
strong-willed, & intelligent wife of a prominent merchant Held
prayer meetings in her home to discuss sermons & provide her
own commentary on religious matters Holy life was no sure sign of
salvation. Truly saved didnt need to obey the law of either God or
man. (Antinomianism)
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- Maryland The colony was the vision of Sir George Calvert (Lord
Baltimore) Founded in 1632 as refuge for Catholics in America 1632
- granted a charter for Maryland He died, but his son Cecilius took
over
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- South Carolina Charles II granted land south of Virginia to 8
supporters in 1663 Given the title of Lord Proprietors Able to
exercise their authority with virtual independence Developed a
plantation economy, first with sugar, then rice in later
years.
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- Southern Plantation Economy
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- Charleston, South Carolina Founded in 1680, Charleston grew to
become the bustling seaport pictured in this drawing done in the
1730s. Charleston was by then the largest city in the mostly rural
southern colonies. It flourished as a seaport for the shipment to
England of slave-grown Carolina rice. The Southern Colonies
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- Additional Colonies: Continued Settlement and Development
Carolinas - most settlers were former indentured servants from
Virginia and Maryland or Barbados New York - was originally New
Netherland, founded by the Dutch Pennsylvania - the colony was
largely the work of one man - William Penn, Quakers
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- Thomas Corams oil painting (c. 1770) shows the main residence
and slave quarters on the Mulberry Plantation near Charleston,
South Carolina. The distinctive steep-roofed design of the slave
cabins on the left probably reflects African building styles. Slave
quarters may not have been located quite as close to the main house
as this picture suggests. Thomas Coram, View of Mulberry Street,
House and Street. Oil on paper, 10 3 17.6 cm, Gibbes Museum of Art/
Carolina Art Association. 68.18.01
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- Pennsylvania: Dream of toleration and peace Another proprietary
colony William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681 hoping to provide
a refuge for Quakers and a model of justice and peace. Quakers
believed in the Inner Light, that all people are equal, & the
ability to communicate directly with God Penn established good
relations with Indians by purchasing land and signing treaties.
Pennsylvanias frame of government provided religious freedom and
created a legislature with limited powers. The population was
ethnically and religiously diverse with most settlers living on
farms.
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- No colonial proprietor was more idealistic than William Penn,
shown here in a portrait made in about 1698 by Francis Place. Penn
wanted Pennsylvania to be a place of peace, prosperity, and
religious toleration especially for his fellow Quakers. The colony
eventually became an economic success but failed to achieve the
social harmony that Penn had wanted.
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- Quakers - Society of Friends
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- Penn's "Holy Experiment" William Penns colony was to serve as a
holy experiment Promoted religious toleration, bought land from the
Indians, & did not tolerate slavery Allowed a diverse
population to move there Philadelphia had an excellent harbor,
making it an important trade city in the British colonies
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- Closure Activity On the map provided, label each: New York
Pennsylvania North & South Carolina Georgia For each of the
above colonies, create a symbol that summarizes the characteristics
of the colony
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- Complete the following chart then identify the most significant
similarities & differences between the Middle & Lower South
colonies MiddleLower South Political Economic Social
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- Lectures
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- Why & How Europeans Became Colonizers? (Why would you leave
your country for a new home?) ?? ?? ?
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- Changes in social and political culture during the Renaissance
were important factors, as were economic changes that took place as
merchants gained access to new products, which translated into
wealth and political power as well as increased demand for luxury
goods. Kings and princes saw opportunities for new taxation,
economic development, and the physical expansion of their empires.
Early experiments with ending serfdom => mobile population in
search of new opportunities. Prince Henry of Portugals
establishment of a naval academy led to technological developments
that were crucial for new exploration and discoveries. The ability
of wealthy Spanish monarchs to financially support what seemed an
improbable idea for finding a new route to Asia. Possible
Answers:
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- Commercial Incentive? SocialPoliticalConsequence s? Spanish
English French Dutch European Colonial Strategies?