Post on 16-Sep-2019
CHALLENGES IN THE LICENSING OF NEW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, AND SERVICE LIFE
EXTENSION OF OPERATING ONES
Safeguards, safety and security aspects
Kristóf Horváth, PhD
Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority Co-authors: M. Lehota, G. Petőfi
Paks Nuclear Power Plant
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Paks NPP
Four VVER-440/213 type reactors
Commissioned in 1983, 84, 86, 87, designed for 30 years
Six-loop, horizontal steam-generators
Provides cca. 40% of domestic electric energy production
Load factor – overall: 80-90%
Power increase in two steps to 500-510 MWe completed
LTO to 50 ys is underway
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Licensing of new NPP units
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The first steps towards a new NPP
30 March 2009
Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy 7. § (2) Preliminary consent in principle of the Parliament shall be required for the commencement of preparatory actions for the construction of a new nuclear facility or radioactive waste repository, or for the expansion of an existing nuclear power plant with an additional unit containing nuclear reactors.
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New National Energy Strategy
Goal: to ensure the long term
sustainability, security and
economic competitiveness of
energy supply in Hungary
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the long-term preservation of
nuclear energy in the energy mix
‘Nuclear-Coal-Green’ scenario
LTO New Units
14 Febr 2012
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New National Energy Strategy New Units
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Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority
1. Preparation and regular review of Regulation
2. Regulatory control (authorization,
inspection, assessment, enforcement) of nuclear installations and storage facilities (HAEA NSD) of nuclear and radioactive materials (HAEA GND)
3. Emergency response and preparedness
4. Technical support
5. International relations
6. Public information
Safety
Security
Safeguards
The Nuclear Safety
Regulation
in Hungary Gov.
Decree No. 118/2011
Act No.
CXVI/1996 about
Nuclear Energy
Nuclear Safety Codes
Safety Guidelines
Local Regulations
Other regulations
1 2 3 … 10 9 …
Non legally binding
Legally binding
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Key events
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2008: New Energy Policy Concept
30th March, 2009: decision-in-principle of the Hungarian Parliament on new NPPs
2012: New National Energy Strategy (‘Nuclear-Coal-Green’ scenario)
2012: establishment of MVM Paks II. Nuclear Power Plant Development Ltd
2013- : Collation with the EC based on Euratom Treaty
January 2014: Intergovernmental agreement on the peaceful use of nuclear energy by Russia and Hungary -> Act II/2014
• Two VVER-1200 type reactors at the Paks site
• Russian loan for the 80% of construction costs
Key events
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March 2014: Financial IGA about the interstate loan for the extension of Paks NPP –> Act XXIV/2014
June 2014: Nomination of a government commissioner on the Paks-2 project
December 2014: Implementation agreements with Russia
• MVM Paks II. Nuclear Power Plant Development Ltd.
• Russian Joint-Stock Company Nizhny Novgorod Engineering Company Atomenergoproekt
o EPC contract
o Operation and maintenance support contract
o Agreement detailing fuel supply and the handling of spent fuel
Assessment of Candidates
EPR
AES
2006 ATMEA
APR-1400
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Assessment of the AES-2006
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Paks 1-4
Paks 5-6
The main sources of revision
• lessons from use of existing regulations,
• recently issued IAEA standards, guides
• WENRA, OECD NEA,
• EUR, MDEP documents,
• recommendations from the international reviews
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Lessons learned from Fukushima
DS462 - Amendments to the IAEA Safety Requirements:
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The main sources of revision
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Experience of the ongoing licensing and construction activities
France • Flamanville 3
Finland • Olkiluoto 3
Russia • Novovoronyezs-II • Leningrád-II
USA – ESP, COL, DC • Vogtle • VC Summer
UK – Generic Design Assessment
New sets of Regulation
Act CXVI of 1996 on Atomic Energy
Government Decree No. 118/2011. (VII. 11.) (on the nuclear safety requirements of nuclear facilities and related regulatory activities)
Annexes (Nuclear Safety Regulation)
Guidelines
NPPs Research and
Training Reactors
Spend Fuel Storage Facilities
Volume 1. – Regulatory procedures of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 2.– MS of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 3. Design of op. NPPs
Volume 4. Operation of NPPs
Volume 5. Design and
Operation of Research and
Training Reactors
Volume 6. Design and
Operation of Spend Fuel
Storage Facilities
Volume 7.– Siting of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 8.– Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 10.– Terminology
Volume 9.– Construction of New Nuclear Facilities
Volume 3a. Design of new NPPs
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Planned time schedule for the project
Planned milestones of the licensing process:
2014: site assessment and program licence
2015: environmental licence (pending due to Espoo procedure)
2016: site permit
2017: construction licence
Planned milestones of the design and construction process: 2014: EPC contract
2015: general design and detailed design by the general contractor
2016: review of design
2018: start of construction
2025: start of commercial operation at Unit 1
2026: start of commercial operation at Unit 2
Environmental licence
Site permit
Construction licence
EPC contract
general design by the general
contractor
Review of design
Detailed design
site assessment and program
licence
Licence of MEKH
Start of construction
start of commercial operation at
Unit 1
2014 2017 2015 2016 2018 2021 2019 2020 2022 2025 2023 2024
The main licensing steps
Site Evaluation
Licensing of Site Investigation and Evaluation
Licensing of the Site
Construction licence
Licensing on level of SSCs
Commissioning licence
Operational licence
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Determination of Design Bases Threats
Licensing of Physical Protection Plan
Safety Security
Site Investigation
and Evaluation
Construction
Commissioning
Operation
Preliminary supplying data
Preliminary supplying data
Safeguards registration (7m prior the fuel)
Safeguards
4th meeting of MDEP VVER TESG FUKU
March 8-10, 2016 Helsinki, Finland
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Program Natural External Hazards
Earthquakes and permanent surface displacements
Geotechnical hazards
• Slope instability
• Collapse, slumping, settlement, or emergence of the surface of the site
• Soil liquefaction
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Extreme weather conditions,
Meteorological phenomena
Nebraska NPP, USA, Missouri, 2011
Balparti gát Duna főmeder Jobbparti gát Hidegvíz csatorna
1 23
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5
6 7, 8
10
11
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No. Megnevezés Szint (Bf m)
11 Atomerőművi telephely feltöltési szintje 97,15
10 Árvízvédelmi töltéskorona a jobb parton 96,30
9 Tervezési alap szerinti jegesárvíz 96,07
8 Árvízvédelmi töltéskorona a bal parton 95,80
7 Jégtorlasz mögött várható maximális vízszint 95,90
6 Tervezési alap szerinti jégmentes árvíz 95,51
5 Tipikus tavaszi vízállás 91,00
4 Tipikus őszi vízállás 87,00
3 Számított vízszint a hidegvíz csatornában méretezési kisvízhozamkor 84,04
2 Kondenzátor hűtővízszivattyúk működéséhez minimálisan szükséges 83,60
1 Biztonsági hűtővízszivattyúk működéséhez minimálisan szükséges 83,50
(Bf m) – a Balti-tenger szintje feletti magasság
Kondenzátor hűtővíz Biztonsági hűtővíz
Program Natural External Hazards
Flooding
• Due to rainfall or flood
• Hazards caused by damage of water structures
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Human-made external events
• Aircraft crash (unintentional)
• Explosion of hazardous chemical agents, cloud of toxic gases, smoke and thermal impacts
• Other significant human-made events (neighbouring nuclear and other industrial facilities, forest fire and car fires, road-, river-, rail transport, electromagnetic interference, …)
Program Man-made External Hazards
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Dispersion of radioactive materials
• Atmospheric dispersion of radioactive materials
• Dispersion of radioactive materials via surface waters
• Dispersion of radioactive materials via subsurface waters
Program
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Determination of site characteristics for emergency plans
• assessment of feasibility of the emergency actions
Program
Regional investigation
Investigation of the neighbouring area of the site
Investigation on the site
Survey Areas
Survey on the site
4th meeting of MDEP VVER TESG FUKU
25 March 8-10, 2016 Helsinki, Finland
Licensing of LTE of operating units
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Key events
2000- NPP declares its intention
2001- strategy decision
2001- HAEA starts preparation
2002- NPP reliability study
2006- environmental license
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HAEA preparation
Limited international references
Development of regulations and guidelines
Combined approach
License renewal
Periodic Safety Review
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Four legs of LTE
Design basis
Ageing management
Equipment qualification
Maintenance effectiveness monitoring
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New regulations
NPPs Research and
Training Reactors
Spend Fuel Storage Facilities
Volume 1. – Regulatory procedures of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 2.– MS of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 3. Design of NPPs
Volume 4. Operation of NPPs
Volume 5. Design and
Operation of Research and
Training Reactors
Volume 6. Design and
Operation of Spend Fuel
Storage Facilities
Volume 7.– Siting of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 8.– Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
Volume 10.– Definitions
Volume 9.– Construction of New Nuclear Facilities
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Two-step approach
Approval of the LTE programme Establishment of conditions Five years prior to submission of LTE
application Common for four units Check the way forwards Licensing of LTE Individually for each unit Application to be submitted 1 year in
advance Based on the approved programme
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International validation
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Service life extension of unit 2
EXECUTION OF THE
PROGRAM
1984
START OF
OPERATION
UNIT 2.
STRATEGIC
DECISION ON LTE
at PAKS NPP
2001
2002
ISSUING
GUIDELINES
For the lifetime
extension
1997 2004
2003 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 2011 2013
2010 2012
LIFETIME EXTENSION
PROGRAM SUBMITTAL
ORIGINAL DESIGN
LIFETIME
ACCEPTING
THE 2nd PSR
2014 2016 2018
2015 2017
ACCEPTING
THE 3rd PSR
PREPARATION OF THE
LIFETIME EXT. PROGRAM
NEW OPERATING
LICENSE
UNIT 2.
END OF EXTENDED
LIFETIME
2034
CONTINUOUS EXECUTION OF
LIFETIME CYCLE PROGRAM
Unit 3, 4
EXTENDED OPERATING LIFETIME
2044
SAFETY
MARGIN
SUBMITTAL
OF LICENCE
APPLICATION
SUBMITTAL
OF 3rd PSR
1996
ACCEPTING
THE 1st PSR
30 years
Environmental approval
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Challenges
Determination of the scope
Ageing management programme
Time-limited safety analyses
Equipment qualification
Maintenance effectiveness monitoring
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Lessons learned: SLE programme
No major obstacle for later licensing 315 findings and 101 further comments Programme follow up
Regular progress reports Special emphasis: maintenance
effectiveness monitoring, AMPs, TLAAs Specific technical issues
scoping (system boundaries), replacement of secondary piping containing copper, service cycle numbers, thermal stratification, primary piping support problems, carbon steel collectors remained in the steam generators
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Lessons learned: SLE programme
Both parties benefited to better prepare for licensing complex documentation technical and administrative issues devote due time and resources authority opinion and requirements
conducted the operator Targeted inspections
time limited ageing analyses maintenance effectiveness monitoring environmental qualification of electric equipment
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SLE application review
Same project structure
Documentation
>21000 pages (+ 50000)
Still with lacking information…
Public hearing (inhabitants within impact area of 3 km)
Competent environmental co-authority procedure
Modification of other documents (EP, TS, FSAR etc.)
Disaster management co-authority for EP
Changes legal background (new Govt. Decree in 2011)
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Lessons learned during review of license application
Many TLAAs were not real TLAAs, the scope was wider than in any other known international examples
In many case, a one-time review could not be possible
Review was mainly focused on safety class 1 components
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Lessons with SLE licensing
Most problematic areas
Introduction of maintenance rule
Equipment qualification
DB reconstruction strength calculations
Several supplements and parallel procedures
1 year regulatory procedure (15.12.11-15.12.12)
21000 pages + supplements (over 50000)
25 inspectors, at least 750 inspector-days
Impossible to be overviewed by a single person
Involvement of environmental authority
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Stress tests vs. Service life extension
Post-Fukushima stress tests completed in 2011
Safety improvements have been decided by operator
Approved and supplemented by authority
Results were confirmed by international peer review Not interconnected with life extension, shall be carried out
as part of „normal business” Some preconditions were accelerated (H-recombiners) Additional inspections served also SLE purposes
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Thank you for your attention!
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