Topic : - Challenges in coffee production with respect to climate change

Every day we drink about more than 1.5 billion cups of coffee World Wide

125 million people over the world depend on coffee production for there livelihood …

INTRODUCTION

The effects of global warming can be measured in terms of costs of human health and the environmental changes in and around us , but it also can be measured in terms of cups of coffee and its prices.

The climatic factors affecting coffee are

Temperature Heavy Rainfall

Wind

Possible effects of climate change on coffee production

1. Quality : -

As temperature rises, coffee ripens more quickly leading to a fall in inherent quality.

This statement is supported by the fact that low grown Arabica from tropical areas with higher temperatures mostly shows less ‘quality’ in the cup compared to the same coffee grown at higher altitudes.

Less Quality

According to a new study published in the journal Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

For every degree Celsius rise in earth’s temperature, crop yields decrease by between 14 percent and 27 percent per hectare (2.5 acres), .

2. Yield : -

3. Pests and diseases : -Higher temperatures will not only favour the proliferation of certain pests and diseases, but will also result in these spreading to regions where they were not normally present.

Research suggest that the incidence of pests and diseases such as coffee berry borer, leaf miner, nematodes, coffee rust and others will increase as future temperatures rise..

Coffee Rust

4. Loss of habitat : -

According to research conducted in UK, Arabica Coffee could be extinct by the year 2080 if climate change continues at its current rate.

5 . High Temperature Demands Irrigation : -

There by it affects the ground water table.

High Temperature Irrigation

Affects Ground Water Table

6 . Higher temperature and Lesser Rainfall increases flower Abortion and decreases organic content in the soil

Organic matter Organic matter

Solutions

1. High-density planting, vegetated soils and irrigation.

2. Migration of production - latitudinal and altitudinal.

3. Evaluating available adaptation techniques, such as shade management systems

4. Genetic breeding : - The main objectives under this concept are the development of higher yields, better quality and strength, and longevity.

To safeguard about 125 million people who are dependent on the coffee production for there

livelihood we have to control or minimise the climatic changes by minimising the emission of Green house gases , by conserving forest , By genetic Breeding and by migration of production to higher altitudes.

Conclusion

ReferencesCoffee Planting , Production & Processing by S.K. Mangal.All About Coffee by William.H.Ukers.http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/1211

08-climate-change-coffee-coffea-arabica-botanical-garden- science/

file:///C:/Users/Idea/Desktop/climate-change-and- agricultural-commodities-working-paper.pdf

file:///C:/Users/Idea/Desktop/Climate-Coffee-Ch-13-MS-ID- 3-2-2010ff_1.pdf

file:///C:/Users/Idea/Desktop/D5 11_NRI_Coffee_Climate_Change_WEB.pdf

Thank You