Post on 02-Jan-2016
description
Ch.1 Matter and Ch.1 Matter and ChangeChange
1.3 Elements1.3 Elements
ElementsElements elements are pure substanceselements are pure substances organized by properties on periodic organized by properties on periodic
tabletable
ElementsElements
each square shows the name each square shows the name and letter symbol for each and letter symbol for each elementelement
usually the symbols relate to the usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come English names but some come from older names (usually Latin)from older names (usually Latin) Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurumEx: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
GroupsGroups also called also called
familiesfamilies vertical columnsvertical columns numbered 1numbered 11818 have similar have similar
chemical chemical propertiesproperties
PeriodsPeriods horizontal rowshorizontal rows properties properties
changes changes consistently consistently across a periodacross a period
numbered 1-7numbered 1-7
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
Periodic TablePeriodic Table
two rows below the periodic table are two rows below the periodic table are the the lanthanide and actinide serieslanthanide and actinide series
these rows fit after #57 and #89these rows fit after #57 and #89
they are only at the bottom to keep they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smallerthe width of the chart smaller
Types of Elements Types of Elements
MetalsMetals an element that is a good an element that is a good
conductor of electricityconductor of electricity at room temperature, most are at room temperature, most are
solidssolids malleablemalleable- can be rolled or - can be rolled or
hammered into sheetshammered into sheets ductileductile- can be made into wire- can be made into wire high high tensile strength-tensile strength- can resist can resist
breakage when pulledbreakage when pulled most have silvery or grayish white most have silvery or grayish white
lusterluster
Types of ElementsTypes of Elements
NonmetalsNonmetals an element that is a poor conductor of an element that is a poor conductor of
heat and electricityheat and electricity many are gases at room temperaturemany are gases at room temperature some are solids: usually brittle, not some are solids: usually brittle, not
malleablemalleable
Types of ElementsTypes of Elements
MetalloidsMetalloids an element that has some characteristics an element that has some characteristics
of metals and nonmetalsof metals and nonmetals appear along staricase lineappear along staricase line B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, TeB, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te all are solids at room temperatureall are solids at room temperature less malleable that metals but less brittle less malleable that metals but less brittle
than nonmetalsthan nonmetals are semiconductorsare semiconductors
Types of ElementsTypes of Elements
Noble GasesNoble Gases generally unreactive gasesgenerally unreactive gases in far right column of periodic table in far right column of periodic table
(Group 18)(Group 18)