Cell Theory

• All living things are made of cells

• All cells come from cells

• The smallest functioning unit of life is the cell

Draw and differentiate between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

cells .. Give the bacteria ribosomes!

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic– Smaller– Lack Organelles– Circular Chromosome– Have ribosomes

(smaller in size)– Flagella and cilia with

different composition of microtubules

• Eukaryotic– Larger cells– Have organelles– Linear chromosomes

(and have more than one of them)

– Flagella and cilia always have the 9 + 2 arrangement

Differentiate between Plant and Animal Cells

Other Cell Structures

• Microbodies– Peroxisomes:

enzymes that help neutralize peroxide and other acids and bases (ex. Catalase) Found mostly in liver, spleen, and kidney

– Glyoxysomes – help produce the seed coat

Other Cell Structures• In plants = Plastids

– Chloroplasts (contain chlorophyll)

– Chromoplasts (contain pigments which add color to leaves and flowers i.e. anthocyanin, beta-carotene)

– Leukoplasts (produce and store complex carbs like cellulose and starch)

Cell Wall Specialities

• Plants add several substances to the cell wall:– Suberin – waxy substance

found on cell walls on the bottom of the leaf to retain water

– Lignin – hard substance added to the cell walls of stems to make them woody

– Cutin – a wax made by cells on the upper part of leaves to retain water

Cell Membrane Specialities

• For self-recognition membranes have:• Glycoproteins (peripheral proteins) that diffuse…• Lipoproteins (peripheral proteins) that diffuse…• Transmembrane proteins span the entire membrane and

bring in most hydrophillic substances like …• Membrane pores – bring in smallest substances (like

carbon dioxide…)

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Structures inside the cell and out• Microfilaments (in the

cytoplasm)– Ex. Actin and Myosin– Give added support, organize

organelles, and in muscles allow multiple cells to shorten (contract)

Microtubules (outside the cell)Ex. Flagella and cilia- multiple tubes make up the structureEukaryotes (9+2 arrangement), Prokaryotes (random arrangement)

Chapter 6 Quiz

1. Compare and contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

2. Compare and contrast the structure and function of a cell membrane and a cell wall.

3. Name and describe the functions of 3 cell organelles.

Cell Transport

• https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/150b8b177ab41ea6?projector=1