Post on 05-Apr-2018
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CELLASAUNIT
OFLIFE
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LEARNINGOBJECTIVES
From this chapter, you will be able to
identify that cell is the basic unit of living things.
identify, draw, label and state the function of the generalstructures of animal
cells and plant cells.
state the similarities and differences between animal and plantcells.
state the meaning and give examples of unicellular organismsand multicellular
organisms.
name the different types of human cells and state their
functions. state the functions of different types of human cells.
arrange in sequence cell organisation from simple to complexusing the terms
cell, tissue, organ, system and organism.
explain why human beings are complex organisms.
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A cell is the basic unit of living things. All living things are made
up of one or more cells.Do you know that every human being develops from a singlecell?Cells are the smallest living parts in a living thing.Examples :A flat is the basic unit of block of flat.
A brick is the basic unit of wall.Some living things are very simple. They are made up of onlyone cell.Some living things are very complex. The human body is madeup of 50 to60 trillion cells.
.
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MICROSCOPE1. Cells are very small. We cannot seethem with the naked eye.
2. We need the help of a microscope tosee cells.3. A microscope is a tool that enables usto look at small things which cannotbe seen with the naked eye.
Coarse focus knob
Fine focus knob
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Stage clip Keep the slide in position
Coarse focus knob
Fine focus knob
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HANDLINGMICROSCOPE
Use both hands to hold microscope- one handholding the arm and another one supporting thebase.
Place the microscope down gently in an uprightposition in well lit area
Keep the stage and other part of microscope cleanand dry
Clean the lenses with tissue paper to avoidscratching them
Start viewing specimen with low power objectivelens
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UNDERSTANDINGCELL
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ANIMALCELL
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PLANT CELL
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DIFFERENCEOFANIMALCELLANDPLANTCELL
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EXERCISES
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Do the exercise 2.1 from text book page 45
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UNICELLULARANDMULTICELLULARORGANISM
Living things is also called as organism Organism can be divided into unicellular organism and
multicellular organism
Unicellular organism is Organism
made up of one cell(uni means 1)They can only be seen undermicroscopeThey usually live in water(aquatic)
They carry out life process suchas feeding, growing and breathingUsually called unicellularmicroorganismExamples in plant ischlamydomonas & yeastExamples in animal is amoeba
and paramecium
Multicellular organism isorganism made up of more thanone cell (many cell)The examples is : bird, humanbeing and treeSome multicellular organism arevery small and need microscopeto observe
This is called multicellularmicroorganismThe example of multicellularmicroorganism- in animal is hydra -in plant is spirogyra
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UNICELLULARMICROORGANISM
PLANTS
CHLAMYDOMONAS
YEAST
ANIMALS
AMOEBA
PARAMECIUM
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MULTICELLULARMICROORGANISM
PLANT
ANIMAL
HYDRA
SPIROGYRA
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DOEXERCISE 2.2 PG 47
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CELL IN HUMAN BODY
* Human made up ofdifferent types of cell
* Each type of cell carriesout differences function
NERVE CELL
*send informationfrom 1 part to
another part of body EPITHELIAL CELL
*form layer on the
skin to protect thecell below
FAT CELL
*store fat
BONE CELL
*form bone thatsupport body
MUSCLE CELL
*enable bodymovement by
contracting and
relaxing
WHITE BLOODCELL
*protect the bodyagainst diseases
such as bacteria
RED BLOOD CELL
*transport oxygenthroughout the body
HUMAN EGGCELL(ovum)
*femalereproductive cell
HUMAN SPERMCELL
*male reproductivecell
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CELL IN HUMAN BODY
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CELL IN HUMAN BODY
* Human made up of different types of cell
* Each type of cell carries out differences function
WHITE BLOOD CELL
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WHITE BLOOD CELL
*protect the bodyagainst diseasessuch as bacteria
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ORGANIZATIONOFCELL
The human body also have organization
The organization of cell in human body is morecomplex.
They are organized to work together to performdifferent function for the body
Cell Tissue Organ System Organism
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TISSUES
A tissue is a group of similar cells that carry outthe same function. Examples:
Tissues Function
Epithelium tissue Form a layer on skin ororgan to protect cell belowthem
Muscle tissue Made up of muscle cell thatcontract and relaxes toenable movement of the
body
Nervous tissue Carry tissue from 1 part ofthe body to another part
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Organ: skull, bone
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ENDOCRINESYSTEM
To produce hormone tocontrol the bodys
activities anddevelopment
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM
To remove toxicsubstance from thebody
Organ: kidney, urinarybladder
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Organ: muscle
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Organ: spleen
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DIGESTIVESYSTEM
To digest food so it canbe absorbed easily andused by the body
Organ: stomach,oesophagus, mouth
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NERVOUSSYSTEM
To help the bodyrespond to the changeinside and outside thebody
Organ: brain, spinal cord
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RESPIRATORYSYSTEM
To enable gasexchange take place
Organ: lung, trachea, nose
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BLOODCIRCULATORYSYSTEM
To carry oxygen andfood to all part of thebody
Organ: heart, blood vessel
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HUMANBEINGARECOMPLEXORGANISM
Human considered to be a complex organismsbecause they have various types of cells that form
tissues, organs and systems. (cell specialization)
The complex organization of cell in human bodyenables the body to carry out life processes
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DOEXERCISES 2.3 PG-51