CCD Observations and CCD Observations and Preliminary Analysis of thePreliminary Analysis of the “End-of-the-Line” W UMa “End-of-the-Line” W UMa Eclipsing Binary V523 CasEclipsing Binary V523 Cas

Presenting Authors:Presenting Authors:Russell M. Genet, Orion ObservatoryRussell M. Genet, Orion ObservatoryThomas C. Smith, Dark Ridge ObservatoryThomas C. Smith, Dark Ridge Observatory

Contributing Authors:Dirk Terrell, Southwest Research InstituteLaurance Doyle, SETI Institute

Program OverviewProgram Overview

• First year “pilot”• Concentrated on two W UMa binaries

• Complete light curves every night

• Often from two observatories

• Primary science goal• Study changes in light curve shapes

• Secondary science goals• Precise seasonal ephemeredes

• Consider hot “Jupiter” transits

• Technical goals• Develop analytical tools

• Explore photometric precision

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Introduction to W UMa Binaries

• Observations and Reduction

• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

• V523 Cas “Movie”

• Question & Answers

Russ

Tom

Russ

Tom

All

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Introduction to W UMa Binaries

• Observations and Reduction

• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

• V523 Cas “Movie”

• Question & Answers

Russ

Tom

Russ

Tom

All

• Photometric / Magnetic Variability

• Intrinsic Period Changes

• Third – Body Period Changes

• Planetary Transits

Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries

• Photometric / Magnetic Variability

• Intrinsic Period Changes

• Third – Body Period Changes

• Planetary Transits

Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries

W UMa’s BinariesW UMa’s Binaries

• Over contact

• Dissimilar stars

Common envelope

Yet nearly same temperature

• Very Different masses

• Huge transfer of energy

Large to small

Color – Period RelationshipColor – Period Relationship

Color – Period RelationshipColor – Period Relationship

A W

More evolved

Higher masses

Thicker envelopes

Unevolved

Lower masses

Cannot achieve equilibrium

Period changes

Light curve variabilityBrighter star

Dimmer star

A and W Type W-UMa Binaries

W Type W UMa VariabilityW Type W UMa Variability

• Large Rosby number Fast rotators

Long convection turnover times

• For single stars Late Slow rotator

• For W UMa Late Fast rotator

• Ideal “laboratories” for magnetic activity

• Revealed through changing light curves

• “Movies” instead of disjointed snapshots

Bright Northern Short Period W UMa’sBright Northern Short Period W UMa’s

• Photometric / Magnetic Variability

• Intrinsic Period Changes

• Third – Body Period Changes

• Planetary Transits

Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries

Intrinsic Period ChangesIntrinsic Period Changes

• Angular Momentum Loss• Gravitational radiation

• Mass loss

• Magnetic breaking

• Mass transfer between stars

• Applegate effect

• Photometric / Magnetic Variability

• Intrinsic Period Changes

• Third – Body Period Changes

• Planetary Transits

Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries

SETI Visit with Laurance DoyleSETI Visit with Laurance Doyle

BarycentersBarycenters

V523 Cas Long-Term O-CV523 Cas Long-Term O-C

CM Dra ProgramCM Dra Program

• Photometric / Magnetic Variability

• Intrinsic Period Changes

• Third – Body Period Changes

• Planetary Transits

Introduction to W UMa BinariesIntroduction to W UMa Binaries

Transit PerspectiveTransit Perspective

II

I

Inclination Angle

High Inclination W UMa StarsHigh Inclination W UMa Stars

Solar Radii vs. Line-of-Sight Solar Radii vs. Line-of-Sight Inclination AngleInclination Angle

Three Transit PlotsThree Transit Plots

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Introduction to W UMa Binaries

• Observations and Reduction

• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

• V523 Cas “Movie”

• Question & Answers

Russ

Tom

Russ

Tom

All

Dark Ridge Observatory (DRO)Dark Ridge Observatory (DRO)

Orion Observatory (OO)Orion Observatory (OO)

Image Reduction FlowchartImage Reduction Flowchart

DRO/OO Observational Database 2004DRO/OO Observational Database 2004

Light-Curve DatabaseLight-Curve Database

Raw Text File to Raw Excel 25KSub buildPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database Dim myRs As Recordset Set myDb = CurrentDb() Set myRs = myDb.OpenRecordset("Select * from tblLightCurve", dbOpenDynaset) Do While Not myRs.EOF myRs.Edit myRs.Fields("Phase").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).phase myRs.Fields("Cycle").Value = getPhase(myRs.Fields("HJD").Value).Cycle myRs.Update myRs.MoveNext Loop MsgBox "Done"End SubSub buildAdjustedPhase() ' use the getPhase function to populate the phase field Dim myDb As Database

1 2

3Raw Source

Database

1a

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Introduction to W UMa Binaries

• Observations and Reduction

• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

• V523 Cas “Movie”

• Question & Answers

Russ

Tom

Russ

Tom

All

V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

Analysis ConsiderationsAnalysis Considerations

• Specialized analysis

• Complete light curves only

• Many complete curves

• Multiple observatories

• Preliminary

• Analysis not completed

• No ensemble photometry yet

• Automation

• Not just labor efficiency

• Parametric outer loop

• In conjunction with WD (Terrell)

Edits and Adjustments

25K Database 24,761

Bad Weather -3,232

C&K Zeros -54

3-Sigma Cuts -173

V-C Outliers -54

21K Database 21,248

Edits and Adjustments

Beginning and Ending Database RowsBeginning and Ending Database Rows

Typical DRO 21K Database Light CurveTypical DRO 21K Database Light Curve

Typical OO 21K Database Light CurveTypical OO 21K Database Light Curve

Classical Analysis

Robert Nelson’s Minima23Robert Nelson’s Minima23

V523 Cas Seasonal O-CV523 Cas Seasonal O-C

Phase-Binned Analysis

Eclipsing Binary PhasesEclipsing Binary Phases

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.000.75 0.25

HJD to Phase TransformationHJD to Phase Transformation

Epoch – JD Obs

Period{ }=Φ

Epoch = 2453234.63551606

Period = 0.23369537

21K Data Point Phase Plot V523 Cas21K Data Point Phase Plot V523 Cas

Phase BinningPhase Binning

Epoch – JD Obs

Period{ }=Φ

Phase – Binned Analysis IPhase – Binned Analysis I

...

Phase – Binned Analysis IIPhase – Binned Analysis II

...

DifferenceEngine

...

V523 Cas 2004 Season Master Curve V523 Cas 2004 Season Master Curve Utilizing the Binning MethodUtilizing the Binning Method

Symmetry Analysis

Symmetry AlgorithmSymmetry Algorithm

… …

Y2 = Y1 + (X2 – X1)(Y3 – Y1)

(X3 – X1)

ΣN

S=1

(Y2L – Y2R)=

... ……

N 13 2 N1 2 3

X1 X1X2 X3 X2 X3

Left Right

Y1

Y3

Y2

Y1

Y3

Y2

Total PhaseTotal Phase

Secondary Minima NarrowSecondary Minima Narrow

First Maxima NarrowFirst Maxima Narrow

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• Introduction to W UMa Binaries

• Observations and Reduction

• V523 Cas Preliminary Analysis

• V523 Cas “Movie”

• Question & Answers

Russ

Tom

Russ

Tom

All

Making the MovieMaking the Movie

• 35 pictures were created from the binned, zero-shifted V-C plots.

• The pictures have been arranged in chronological order to represent the nightly results and to show the night-to-night changes in the shapes of the light curves as compared to the master season curve created from all 21K observations.

• The following 35 frames represent a visual depiction of those changes in a somewhat dynamic show.

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 1

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 2

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 3

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 4

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 5

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 6

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 7

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 8

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 9

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 10

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 11

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 12

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 13

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 14

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 15

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 16

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 17

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 18

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 19

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 20

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 21

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 22

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 23

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 24

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 25

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 26

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 27

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 28

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 29

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 30

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 31

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 32

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 33

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 34

V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Movie of Binned Difference Plotsof Binned Difference Plots Frame 35

Preliminary ConclusionsPreliminary Conclusions

• Changes in light curve shapes• Definite changes September to December

• Possible changes within August and September

• Small O-C variations• Difficult to detect within season

• But likely between seasons

• May detect distant “Jupiters” (over several years)

• Transits• Several W UMa candidates

• Detection difficult due to changing times of transit / spots

Potential Future EffortsPotential Future Efforts

Dirk Terrell,

Darth’s other side!

The Master Modeler…

• Photometric precision

• Parametric analysis / automation

• Data archives to AAVSO

• Give V1191 Cyg THE treatment

• Between season comparisions

• Wilson – Devinney Analysis

With his extensive Galactic travels we asked the expert for his assistance with the WD analysis.

Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers

Genet / Smith V523 Cas 2004 Seasonal Report