22

CBRN THREAT BRIEF031UTD01

Prepared by:

33

ADMINISTRATIVEADMINISTRATIVE

• Safety Requirements: None

• Risk Assessment: Low

• Environmental Considerations: No major environmental impact, training entirely of a classroom nature with no major impact on the environment, equipment, or personnel.

•Evaluation: None

44

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVETERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVEAction: Identify the current threat Action: Identify the current threat

environment and situations that U.S. Troops environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today.face today.

Conditions: Given an instructor led Conditions: Given an instructor led discussion in a classroom environment.discussion in a classroom environment.

Standards: Identified the current threatStandards: Identified the current threatEnvironment and situations that U.S. Troops Environment and situations that U.S. Troops face today to include;face today to include;

55

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVETERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE Identified locations of possible Identified locations of possible

deployments or conflicts with enemies deployments or conflicts with enemies of the United States.of the United States.

Identified possible enemies with NBC Identified possible enemies with NBC capabilitiescapabilities

Identified the different types of Identified the different types of Chemical and Biological AgentsChemical and Biological Agents

66

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVETERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Identified Protective measuresIdentified Protective measures Supervise unit for Nuclear attackSupervise unit for Nuclear attack Supervise unit for Biological attackSupervise unit for Biological attack Supervise unit for Chemical attackSupervise unit for Chemical attack

77

How did this happen?How did this happen?

88

Russia

• Formerly the Soviet Union and head of the WARSAW PACT

• Sold weapons during the “cold war” to nations now having ties to terrorists

• Conditions so bad WMD’s found missing or for sale by soldiers on the black market

031UTD01031UTD01 99

The Spread of Chemical Weapons

031UTD01031UTD01 1010

The Spread of Chemical Weapons

031UTD01031UTD01 1111

The Spread of Chemical Weapons

1212

The Results

China

North Korea

Iran Iran

2000+ Nukes, Advanced Chemical Program Claims Limited Bio Program

Possible 2-10 Nukes, Claims 200, 5000 Tons of Nerve, Blister, and Blood agents, Limited Bio Program, anthrax, plague, or yellow fever.

Small Nuke power program, no known weapons, Limited Bio program,small chemical stockpile from Iran-Iraqi war

1313

The Results

SyriaSyria

SudanSudan

RussiaRussia

No Nuke programLimited Bio ProgramChemical arsenal includes VX gas and Sarin

Dumping ground for other countries, No Nukes or Bio.Limited Chemical Program

Large modern Nuke program, Surviving Bio program Continues, Worlds largest stockpile of Chemical Weapons

1414

Summary/Check on Learning

What was the major incident that propagated the spread of WMD?

What are some countries that pose a major concern that posses WMD?

The ending of the cold war and breakup of the Soviet Union

China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Russia, Sudan

1515

Chemical VS BiologicalChemical VS Biological

Chemical agents are typically manmade Chemical agents are typically manmade through the use of industrial chemical through the use of industrial chemical processes.processes.

Biological agents are either replicating Biological agents are either replicating agents (bacteria or viruses) or non agents (bacteria or viruses) or non replicating materials (toxins) that can replicating materials (toxins) that can be produced by living organisms.be produced by living organisms.

1616

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTSCHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

BLOOD

CHOKING

BLISTER

NERVE

HYDROGEN CYANIDE

CLORINE, PHOSGENE

MUSTARD, LEWISITE

SARIN, VXNEW AGENTS

NOVICHOK

1717

CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTSCHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS

Advantages• Easy to produce with dual use technology

• Simple “homemade” agents available to terrorists, i.e. Sarin

• Easy to use on multiple targets and different delivery systems.

1818

BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTSBIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS

TOXINS

Botulinum

BACTERIAAnthraxTularemiaPlague

VIRUSES

Saxitoxin

MycotoxinSEB

Snake,

spider,

etc.

Yellow feverVEE fever

SmallpoxHemorrhagicfever viruses

Q-Fever

1919

Advantages: • No reliable detection devices available• No recognizable signals to human exposure• Can specifically target personnel, crops,

livestock or specific kinds of material.

Disadvantages: • Ultimate consequences uncertain• Potential for international outrage

Biological Warfare Agents

2020

Nonlethal Agents

Riot Control Agents: Tear Gas Agents: CS, CN

Vomiting Agents: Adamsite, Diphenyl Chloroarsine

Incapacitants: Psychochemicals: LSD, BZ

2121

Delivery MeansDelivery Means

NBC Delivery Systems:NBC Delivery Systems:    (1).(1). MissilesMissiles    (2).(2). RocketsRockets    (3).(3). BombsBombs    (4).(4). ArtilleryArtillery    (5).(5). MinesMines    (6).(6). Remote piloted vehiclesRemote piloted vehicles    (7).(7). SprayersSprayers

2222

Summary/Check on LearningSummary/Check on Learning

What is the difference between chemical and biological agents?

What are some chemical warfare agents?

What are some delivery systems?

Chemical agents are manmade, biological agents can be produced by living organisms

Blood, Choking, Blister, Nerve

Missiles, Rockets, Bombs, Artillery, Mines, RPV’s, Sprayers

2323

Conventional NBC TargetsConventional NBC Targets• Large numbers of

Troops or military vehicles.

• Bridges and highways.

• Large fixed sites such as Airfields

2424

Non-Conventional NBC TargetsNon-Conventional NBC Targets

Targets Include:

• Agriculture• Livestock• Water supplies

2525

Summary/Check on LearningSummary/Check on Learning

What are some conventional targets?What are some conventional targets?

What are some non-conventional What are some non-conventional targets?targets?

Troops, vehicles, bridges, highways

Agriculture, livestock, water supplies

2626

ADVISE ADVISE COMMANDER ON COMMANDER ON

NBC THREAT NBC THREAT

2727

ADVISE COMMANDER ON NBC THREAT

Estimate the unit's vulnerability to the Estimate the unit's vulnerability to the NBC threatNBC threat

Analyze the enemy's position and Analyze the enemy's position and capabilities on the battlefieldcapabilities on the battlefield

Advise on the appropriate protective Advise on the appropriate protective measures and MOPP levelmeasures and MOPP level

2828

ADVISE COMMANDER ON NUCLEAR THREAT

First strike policyFirst strike policy

Methods of employment and deliveryMethods of employment and delivery

Targets of threat tactical nuclear strikesTargets of threat tactical nuclear strikes

2929

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT

Advise on tAdvise on the use of biological weapons:he use of biological weapons:

The United States will not use biological The United States will not use biological agents under any circumstancesagents under any circumstances

3030

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT

Methods of employment and delivery:Methods of employment and delivery:

Airdropped packets RocketsAirdropped packets RocketsArtilleryArtillery

Aircraft sprayersAircraft sprayers SaboteursSaboteurs

MinesMines Infected insects and rodentsInfected insects and rodents

3131

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT

Targets of threat biological weapons:Targets of threat biological weapons:

Food suppliesFood supplies

Water sourcesWater sources

Troop concentrations and convoysTroop concentrations and convoys

Population centersPopulation centers

3232

ADVISE COMMANDER ON BIOLOGICAL THREAT

Types of threat biological weapons:Types of threat biological weapons:

Pathogens- Pathogens suitable for Pathogens- Pathogens suitable for wartime use include bacteria. Viruses, wartime use include bacteria. Viruses, rickettsia and fungi.rickettsia and fungi.

Toxins- Toxins suitable for wartime use Toxins- Toxins suitable for wartime use include botulism, tetanus and include botulism, tetanus and diphtheria.diphtheria.

3333

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT

Advise on tAdvise on the use of chemical weapons:he use of chemical weapons:

US Armed forces will not use lethal or US Armed forces will not use lethal or incapacitating chemical agents.incapacitating chemical agents.

3434

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT

Methods of employment and delivery:Methods of employment and delivery:

Fixed-wing and rotary wing aircraftFixed-wing and rotary wing aircraft

RocketsRockets

Surface-to-surface missilesSurface-to-surface missiles

ArtilleryArtillery

LandminesLandmines

3535

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT

Targets of threat chemical attacks:Targets of threat chemical attacks:

Enemy positions in the forward battle areaEnemy positions in the forward battle areaEnemy defenses and their flanksEnemy defenses and their flanksNuclear delivery systemsNuclear delivery systemsHeadquartersHeadquartersAirfieldsAirfieldsArtillery positionArtillery position

3636

ADVISE COMMANDER ON CHEMICAL THREAT

Types of threat chemical agents:Types of threat chemical agents:

NerveNerve

ChokingChoking

BlisterBlister

BloodBlood

Incapacitating AgentsIncapacitating Agents

3737

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE

Advise on the use of smoke:Advise on the use of smoke:

Used to attack and defeat specific enemy Used to attack and defeat specific enemy targets, sensors, target acquisition targets, sensors, target acquisition systems, weapon guidance systems, and systems, weapon guidance systems, and other electro-optical devices.other electro-optical devices.

3838

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE

Means of employment and delivery:Means of employment and delivery:

Smoke GrenadesSmoke Grenades

Smoke PotsSmoke Pots

Smoke GeneratorsSmoke Generators

Projected SmokeProjected Smoke

Vehicle engine exhaust smoke system Vehicle engine exhaust smoke system (VEESS)(VEESS)

3939

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF SMOKE

Smoke screens used by the threat:Smoke screens used by the threat:

Blinding SmokeBlinding Smoke

Camouflage SmokeCamouflage Smoke

Protective SmokeProtective Smoke

Decoy SmokeDecoy Smoke

Signaling Signaling

4040

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME

Advise on the use of flame:Advise on the use of flame:

The use of weapons that employ fire, The use of weapons that employ fire, such as tracer ammunition, such as tracer ammunition, flamethrowers and other incendiary flamethrowers and other incendiary agents, against targets requiring their agents, against targets requiring their use is not a violation of international law.use is not a violation of international law.

4141

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME

Means of employment and delivery:Means of employment and delivery:

Rocket LaunchersRocket Launchers

Incendiary grenadesIncendiary grenades

Flame Field ExpedienceFlame Field Expedience

4242

ADVISE COMMANDER ON USE OF FLAME

Types of flame weapons:Types of flame weapons:

Rocket propelled napalm projectileRocket propelled napalm projectile

Man-packed rifle type light flamethrowerMan-packed rifle type light flamethrower

Cart-mounted heavy flamethrowerCart-mounted heavy flamethrower

Tank-mounted flamethrower Tank-mounted flamethrower

4343

ADVISE COMMANDER ON THREAT NBC DEFENSE

Reconnaissance assets Reconnaissance assets

Protective equipmentProtective equipment

Decontamination capabilities Decontamination capabilities

4444

CHECK ON LEARNING

What are the types of threat BiologicalWhat are the types of threat BiologicalWeapons?Weapons?Pathogens and ToxinsPathogens and Toxins What are the means of employment and What are the means of employment and

delivery for the use of flame?delivery for the use of flame?Rockets, Incendiary Grenades, Flame Rockets, Incendiary Grenades, Flame

Field ExpedientsField Expedients

4545

SUPERVISE UNIT SUPERVISE UNIT PREPARATION FOR PREPARATION FOR

NBC ATTACKNBC ATTACK

4646

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION NUCLEARNUCLEAR

- Ensure personnel are in shelters.- Ensure personnel are in shelters.

- Ensure personnel cover all exposed - Ensure personnel cover all exposed skin.skin.

4747

POSITION NUCLEARPOSITION NUCLEAR

- Ensure terrain is used effectively.- Ensure terrain is used effectively.

- Ensure shelter provides the best - Ensure shelter provides the best protection.protection.

4848

MATERIAL NUCLEARMATERIAL NUCLEAR- Ensure supplies, equipment and vehicles are - Ensure supplies, equipment and vehicles are dispersed.dispersed.

- Ensure existing cover provides protection and park - Ensure existing cover provides protection and park vans opposite of prevailing winds.vans opposite of prevailing winds.

- Keep flammable debris to a minimum.- Keep flammable debris to a minimum.

- Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.- Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.

- Disconnect all power cables.- Disconnect all power cables.

- Store all electronics not in use.- Store all electronics not in use.

4949

UNIT NUCLEARUNIT NUCLEAR

- ENSURE OPERATORS OF NUCLEAR - ENSURE OPERATORS OF NUCLEAR DETECTION EQUIPMENT PREPARE DETECTION EQUIPMENT PREPARE THE EQUIPMENT FOR USE.THE EQUIPMENT FOR USE.

5050

CHECK ON LEARNING

Prior to a suspected nuclear attack, what Prior to a suspected nuclear attack, what

steps would you complete to protect yoursteps would you complete to protect your

water and food supplies?water and food supplies?

Ensure all food and water are sealedEnsure all food and water are sealed

tightly in containers and secured undertightly in containers and secured under

available covered. available covered.

5151

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION BIO PROTECTION BIO

- Coordinate with medical personnel.- Coordinate with medical personnel.- Ensure personnel practice good - Ensure personnel practice good hygiene and field sanitation.hygiene and field sanitation.- Ensure soldiers are in good physical - Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition.condition.- Button up and cover exposed skin.- Button up and cover exposed skin.- Check protective mask and individual - Check protective mask and individual equipment.equipment.- Coordinate with supply personnel.- Coordinate with supply personnel.

5252

POSITIONPOSITION BIO BIO

Ensure terrain is used effectively.Ensure terrain is used effectively.

Ensure the shelter provides the best Ensure the shelter provides the best protection. protection.

5353

MATERIAL BIOMATERIAL BIO

- - Ensure all food and water are sealed Ensure all food and water are sealed and covered.and covered.

- Ensure equipment and supplies not - Ensure equipment and supplies not used are covered.used are covered.

- Ensure vans are parked opposite of - Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.prevailing winds.

5454

UNIT BIOUNIT BIO

- Ensure operators of biological - Ensure operators of biological sampling kits are ready and Chemical sampling kits are ready and Chemical detectors are prepared for use.detectors are prepared for use.

5555

CHECK ON LEARNING

What type of shelter provides the bestWhat type of shelter provides the best

protection from the effects of a Biologicalprotection from the effects of a Biological

agent attack?agent attack?

Covered foxholes, Field expedient cover, Covered foxholes, Field expedient cover, buildings, tents and armored vehiclesbuildings, tents and armored vehicles

5656

INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIONINDIVIDUAL PROTECTIONCHEMICALCHEMICAL

- Ensure soldiers are in good physical - Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition.condition.

- Check protective equipment.- Check protective equipment.

- Assume appropriate MOPP level.- Assume appropriate MOPP level.

- Ensure individuals seek overhead cover.- Ensure individuals seek overhead cover.

- Ensure antidotes and decontamination kits - Ensure antidotes and decontamination kits are available.are available.

5757

POSITION CHEMPOSITION CHEM

- Ensure terrain is used effectively.- Ensure terrain is used effectively.

- Ensure shelter provides the best - Ensure shelter provides the best protection.protection.

5858

MATERIAL CHEMMATERIAL CHEM

- Ensure all equipment, supplies and Ensure all equipment, supplies and vehicles are dispersed.vehicles are dispersed.

- Ensure vans are parked opposite of Ensure vans are parked opposite of prevailing winds.prevailing winds.

- Keep all food and water sealed and - Keep all food and water sealed and covered.covered.

5959

UNIT CHEMUNIT CHEM

- Ensure Chemical detection equipment - Ensure Chemical detection equipment is prepared for operation.is prepared for operation.

6060

CHECK ON LEARNING

What do you need to ensure for individual What do you need to ensure for individual protection for a chemical attack?protection for a chemical attack?

Ensure soldiers are in good physical Ensure soldiers are in good physical condition, check protective equipment for condition, check protective equipment for serviceability, assume appropriate MOPP serviceability, assume appropriate MOPP level, seek overhead cover and ensure level, seek overhead cover and ensure decon and antidote kits are available.decon and antidote kits are available.

6161

SUMMARYSUMMARY