Urbanisation processes

in landscape protected areas

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

in landscape protected areas

in Sardinia

by

Manuela Porceddu, Michele Campagna

Context

�Where:

Landscape protected areas by Law 1497/39 in the Island of Sardinia

�What:

Strong anthropogenic pressure

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

�How:

Preliminary assessment of past and current urbanisation processes in

these protected areas based on Sardinian Regional SDI spatial data

�Why:

Supporting the update of existing protection strategies and measures

within the framework of the Regional Landscape Plan (RLP)

Regionalgeoportal

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

ISTAT

Series

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

National level

Landscape protection framework

International level

� 2000: European Landscape Convention (ELC)

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

� 2004: Decree n°42 (“Urbani Code”)

�1999: Legislative Decree n° 490

�1985: Law n° 431 (“Galasso”)

�1939: Law n° 1497

�1922: Law n° 778

“Piano Paesaggistico Regionale”

“Piano Paesistico”

“Piano Territoriale Paesistico”

(no plan)

RLP

(2006)

First PTP

(1979)Sardinian PTP’s

(1993-2006)

Landscape protection framework - Plans

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

“Molentargius - Monte Urpinu”

“PTP n. 14 - Isole di

S.Pietro e S.Antioco”

“Ambito n. 1 -

Golfo di Cagliari”

Urbanisation processes

�Historic centres

�Urban growth before 1950

�Urban sprawl after 1950

�Tourist settlements

�Major industrial areas, Production and

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

Landscape protected

areas by Law 1497/39

in Sardinia

Commercial sites

�Quarries and Mines

�Military sites and Major structures of public services

�Infrastructures

�Artificial water bodies

� Transport Infrastructure networks (Roads, Railroads)

and nodes

�…

5%

95%

Urbanized areas

according to the

classification of the RLP

Rest of the landscape

Urbanisation processesUrbanised surfaces identified in RLP

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

1,5%

0,3%1,8%

0,2%

0,4%

1%

Urban centres

Tourist settlements

Major industrial areas, Production and

Commercial sites

Quarries and Mines

Military sites and Major structures of

public service

Roads, Railroads (occupied surface)

Sardinia Landscape

protected areas

2,5%

1,5%

0,5%

0,2%

0,1%

0,5%

Urbanisation and sprawlMain cities and towns

Main urban sprawl drivers:

� the post-II World War urban expansions (until the late 1950s)

� the attempts to implement strategic planning by the so-called

“Piano di Rinascita” (since the 1960s).

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

“Piano di Rinascita” (since the 1960s).

The analysis on a set of 29 protected urban sites (18% of the total),

shows since 1960 urban land use in landscape protected areas

has almost doubled (44%)

Landscape areas

protected by Law 1497/39

existing in 1960

Alghero

Sassari

Nuoro

Tempio Pausania

Urbanisation and sprawlGrowth in protected urban sites

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

Cagliari

Nuoro

56%

44%

Urban land uses until 1960

Urban land uses since 1960

to recent period

Urbanization and sprawlTourist areas

The analysis on selected landscape protection sites affected by tourist

development shows since 1970 to 1983,

over 50% of all tourist implementation plans in Sardinia were approved and

the 96% of them lay in protected areas defined by Law 1497/39.

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

Law 1497/39 and the Landscape plans

failed to give operational tools for the implementation of protection measures

allowing for changes towards not conformant land-uses

and the share of tourist settlement rate in protected areas rise up again.

Urbanization and sprawlLandscape protected areas sites in tourist coastal areas

Landscape areas

protected by Law 1497/39

sites in tourist coastal areas

0,1%

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

53,7%30,6%

15,6%

Until 1970

1970 - 1983

1984 - 1997

1998 - 2004

Tourist implementation plans approved in Sardinia

since 1970 to 2004

Land-use changesRural areas

The analysis based on the Regional SDI geodatabase

(time series 2003 and 2008) concerning land-use changes in rural areas,

focuses on agricultural land, and in details on permanent crop land

(orchards and traditional crops such as olive groves and vineyards).

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

(orchards and traditional crops such as olive groves and vineyards).

In 2003-2008 agricultural areas of Sardinian land decreased from 37% to 35%.

Meanwhile permanent crops increase about 18% and a similar trend was found in

landscape protected areas, though with minor change rate ( +14%).

Land-use changesAgricultural areas and permanent crops in 2003 - 2008

37%

35%

27%

26%

Trend of agricultural areas

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

2003 2008 2003 2008

Sardinia

+18%

+14%

Sardinia Landscape areas

protected by Law n° 1497/39

Variation of permanent crops

Sardinia Landscape areasprotected by Law 1497/39

Landscape areasprotected by Law 1497/39

�Population positive trend along time

�1991-2001: decrease in population (–1% in Sardinia, -7% in

landscape protected areas ), increase in the number of the

Population dynamics and residential occupancy

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

houses (+15% in Sardinia, +3% in landscape protected areas)

and in the number of houses occupied by non-residents

(from 25% to 27% in Sardinia, and from 47% to 50% in

landscape protected areas)

�2001: 20% of total regional population was living in

landscape protected areas.

Issues

� Overall lack of efficacy in the implementation of the landscape protection policies

given by the national legislative framework in the last 70 years, particularly with regards

to urban and tourist settlements growth

Conclusions (I)

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

� Negative population growth rate paralleled by the increase of real estate stock shows

a decreasing occupancy rate, particularly in landscape and natural protected areas

Opportunities

�The recent development in Italian legislation for landscape protection and the current

update of the RLP may allow to amend past practices towards a more careful

implementation of landscape safeguard policies

Conclusions (II)

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it

� The Regional SDI was proven to enable analyses for the assessment of the impacts of

past and current spatial development policies

�Further coordinated actions to promote sustainable rural land use

Thank you

for your attention!

M. Porceddu

M. Campagna

mporceddu@unica.it

campagna@unica.it