Cutini & Rabino - input2012

The urban

growth

Valerio Cutini

Giovanni Rabino

Development,

sprawl and spatial configuration

growth

Seventh International Conference on Informatics and Urban and Regional Planning

Cagliari, 10-12 May 2012

IntroductionIntroduction

Contents

The configurational approach, in shortThe configurational approach, in short

valerio cutini

giovanni rabino



Urban development and configurationUrban development and configuration

Some case studiesSome case studies

ConclusionsConclusions

Would you draw a city?valerio cutini

giovanni rabino

Our thesis

The connections are assumed as the primary

raison d’etre of the city

The connections are assumed as the primary

raison d’etre of the city

The relation between the activities and the

urban grid is its actual making mechanism



valerio cutini

giovanni rabino

The connections are to be assumed as the

primary raison d’etre of the city

The connections are to be assumed as the

primary raison d’etre of the city





The genesis of an urban grid appear to follow

some constant and recurring dynamics, which

materialize in its spatial relations

The genesis of an urban grid appear to follow



Such dynamics can be revealed by

means of a configurational approach

The genesis of an urban grid appears to follow



The genesis of an urban grid appears to follow



In a configurational approach, as focused on the

relations between spatial elements, any

geometric and morphologic feature vanishes

In a configurational approach, as focused on the

relations between spatial elements, any

geometric and morphologic feature vanishes

Configuration and morphologyvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

Lorini

Scamozzi

graphsystem


Contents


valerio cutini

giovanni rabino





The configurational approachvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

Three assumptions can be recognized at the root of

the configurational approach to the analysis of

urban settlements

Three assumptions can be recognized at the root of

the configurational approach to the analysis of

urban settlements

The decisive influence of urban structure on the The decisive influence of urban structure on the The decisive influence of urban structure on the The decisive influence of urban structure on the The decisive influence of urban structure on the

phenomena occurring inside

The decisive influence of urban structure on the


The importance of the perceptive appraisal of

space in the behavioural choices of its users



The assumption of the urban grid as the primary

element of the urban structure

The assumption of the urban grid as the primary

element of the urban structure









The configurational analysisvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

The configurational analysis of an urban settlement

can be summarized as follows

The configurational analysis of an urban settlement

can be summarized as follows

Definition of the urban gridDefinition of the urban grid

Reduction of the urban grid into a system of Reduction of the urban grid into a system of

Definition of the urban gridDefinition of the urban grid

Reduction of the urban grid into a system of Reduction of the urban grid into a system of Reduction of the urban grid into a system of

connected spatial elements

Reduction of the urban grid into a system of


Computation of the spatial relation between the

elements


elements

Determination of the parameters that represent

the relational state of the system








elements


elements





configurational indicesconfigurational indices

Some configurational indicesvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

connectivityconnectivity

The number of spatial elements connected to the

observed one

The number of spatial elements connected to the

observed one

integrationintegration

global integrationglobal integration

The mean topologic distance (depth) from all the

other elements of the system

The mean topologic distance (depth) from all the

other elements of the system

local integrationlocal integration

The configurational techniquesvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

The way of reducing the urban grid into a system is the

distinguishing element of the several operational techniques

The way of reducing the urban grid into a system is the

distinguishing element of the several operational techniques

axial analysisaxial analysis

spatial spatial

visibility graph analysisvisibility graph analysis

lineslinesspatial

elements

spatial

elements

relationrelation

systemsystem

verticesvertices

intersectionintersection mutual visibilitymutual visibility

axial mapaxial map visibility graphvisibility graph

connection elements

between convex spaces

connection elements

between convex spacespoints uniformly distributed all

over the grid

points uniformly distributed all

over the grid

Axial analisys and VGA: Siena

The urban

grid

of Siena

valerio cutini

giovanni rabino

The integration value in the lines

of the axial map

The integration value in the

vertices of the visibility graph

Configuration and activitiesvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

Siena

The results show a

narrow(esponential)

correlation between the

density of activities and the

integration value

The configuratrional analysis is

hence proved suitable for

reproducing the distribution of

the levels of centrality within

an urban settlementVolterra


Contents


valerio cutini

giovanni rabino





A small examplevalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

64 lines

Correlation of

local integration

versus

Integration value

1 line16 lines32 lines

128 lines256 lines

versus

global integration

0.872037 4.60934

0.824669

4.60934 R² = 0.999461

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.872037 4.60934

0.824669

4.60934 R² = 0.999461

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.624947 2.48376

0.422392

2.83209 R² = 0.941414

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.624947 2.48376

0.422392

2.83209 R² = 0.941414

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.624947 2.48376

0.422392

2.83209 R² = 0.941414

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.624947 2.48376

0.422392

2.83209 R² = 0.941414

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.590638 2.27936

0.422392

3.02162 R² = 0.866043

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.590638 2.27936

0.422392

3.02162 R² = 0.866043

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.617794 2.33192

0.422392

3.11819 R² = 0.787503

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.617794 2.33192

0.422392

3.11819 R² = 0.787503

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.795544 2.50006

0.422392

3.88512 R² = 0.628534

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3

0.795544 2.50006

0.422392

3.88512 R² = 0.628534

Integration [HH]

Integration [HH] R3


Contents


valerio cutini

giovanni rabino





The diachronic genesis of Grosseto

valerio cutini

giovanni rabino

Distribution of integration

value in Grosseto in the

period 1825-2005

(axial analysis)

1825

1935

196019752005

date 1825 1910 1950 1980 2005

nr. lines 78 109 367 487 629

CM 15.5 11.6 7.2 7.0 5.7

Imin/Imax 0.28 0.34 0.38 0.40 0.42

R2 (Iglo/Iloc) 0.89 0,83 0,82 0,76 0,59

1825

The diachronic genesis of Pisavalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

1910

1950

1980

Distribution of integration

value in Pisa in the

period 1825-2005

(axial analysis)

2005

date 1825 1910 1950 1980 2005

nr. lines 371 455 637 936 1159

CM 9.65 8.43 8.30 7.13 6.64

Imin/Imax 0.28 0.28 0.34 0.33 0.37

R2 (Iglo/Iloc) 0.87 0.82 0.64 0.64 0.57

Findings. 1valerio cutini

giovanni rabino

As the system dimension increases from its primigenial

core, the connectivity mean value decreases



As the system dimension increases, the ratio Imin/Imax too

increases


increases

As the system dimension increases, the R2 value in the

correlation of local integration versus global integration








increases


increases





Any development of the grid involves the addition of new

lines, mostly in the outer ring, whose main features are

poor values of connectivity and global integration, but not

necessarily poor values of local integration

Any development of the grid involves the addition of new

lines, mostly in the outer ring, whose main features are

poor values of connectivity and global integration, but not

necessarily poor values of local integration


progressively decreases







nr. lines nr. lines

Grosseto Pisa

Findings. 2

valerio cutini

giovanni rabino

The growth of a settlement involves the development of an

inner core, generally characterized by high values of global

integration and connectivity, as well as new development

areas, characterized by poor values of the same indices













If we assume connectivity and R2 as indicators of the

resilience of the system, we can regard the inner core as

the place of urban resilience, while the edges of the

urban area can be regarded as the place of urban frailty





Such spatial notions appear changing right along as the

settlement grows, in that the edges get progressively

more resilient as new development areas are added

Such spatial notions appear changing right along as the

settlement grows, in that the edges get progressively

more resilient as new development areas are added










Contents


valerio cutini

giovanni rabino





Conclusionsvalerio cutini

giovanni rabino

Their spatial structure seems to be induced by a general

principle of optimization, aimed at urbanizing new areas

and connecting them to the existing settlement




Cities appear as dendritic systems, irradiating from their

inner core to the farthest development areas












and connecting them to the existing settlementand connecting them to the existing settlementand connecting them to the existing settlement

Some configurational features appear so recurring as to

characterize the new areas with respect to the pre-

existing ones



existing ones

In such view, even the common notions of periphery and

sprawl can be interpreted as the material appearance of

a system of spatial relations in its ongoing evolution

In such view, even the common notions of periphery and

sprawl can be interpreted as the material appearance of

a system of spatial relations in its ongoing evolution

and connecting them to the existing settlementand connecting them to the existing settlement



existing ones



existing ones

[email protected]

[email protected]

Thank you

[email protected]

Cutini & Rabino - input2012

Technology

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