By Alyssa Epstein

Индустриализация в России

1929-1939 Stalin gains total control over Russia Period of large scale industrialization

Inherits New Economic Plan (NEP) from Lenin State control of production, trade, and

communication State control of all large enterprise

Factories, mines, railways

Сталин приходит к власти

Government takes control of agriculture Collective farms – kolkhoz

Decree of February 1930 forces about one million peasants off their land

Sought to increase agriculture in order to feed the rapidly growing urban areas of Russia

Wanted to export excess grain for money to use for heavy industrialization

Пятилетний план

Stalin focused industrialization efforts on heavy industry:1. Iron2. Coal3. Automobile factories4. Heavy machine/tractor factories

No focus on light industry Everyday necessities not readily available

Лёгкая и тяжёлая промышленность

Peasants were forced to give up their privately owned land

Forced to work on collective farms Forced to sell their product to the state at

low prices created by the state Failed to help economy

Created a drastic drop in farming productivity and led to famine

Коллективизация сельского хозяйства

Bad weather and massive confiscation of grain created a serious famine Several million peasants died

Deteriorating conditions in the country drove peasants to the cities Helped fuel industrialization Increased Russia’s urban population

Трудные условия

Wealthier peasants Strong opposed state control of

agriculture Retaliated Slaughter herds Burned crops Destroyed property Attack officials

Revolts Many peasants executed

Кулаки

Failure to fulfill the quota of the Five Year Plan would result in treason charges

Miners worked 16-18 hours a day Forced labor

Labor camps Gulags Corrective labor camps

Плохие условия

ГУЛАГ (ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛВНИЕ ЛАГЕРЕЙ)

Заключённые

Responsible for the huge rise in numbers in the Gulags

Many believe this was due to the economic need for workers

Growth in the labor camp system directly coincided with the peak in Russian industrialization

Prisoners in the camps were assigned distinct economic tasks Exploitation of natural resources Industrial construction projects

Массовые аресты

Лагеря