By Alyssa Epstein Индустриализация в России. 1929-1939 Stalin gains total...
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Transcript of By Alyssa Epstein Индустриализация в России. 1929-1939 Stalin gains total...
By Alyssa Epstein
Индустриализация в России
1929-1939 Stalin gains total control over Russia Period of large scale industrialization
Inherits New Economic Plan (NEP) from Lenin State control of production, trade, and
communication State control of all large enterprise
Factories, mines, railways
Сталин приходит к власти
Government takes control of agriculture Collective farms – kolkhoz
Decree of February 1930 forces about one million peasants off their land
Sought to increase agriculture in order to feed the rapidly growing urban areas of Russia
Wanted to export excess grain for money to use for heavy industrialization
Пятилетний план
Stalin focused industrialization efforts on heavy industry:1. Iron2. Coal3. Automobile factories4. Heavy machine/tractor factories
No focus on light industry Everyday necessities not readily available
Лёгкая и тяжёлая промышленность
Peasants were forced to give up their privately owned land
Forced to work on collective farms Forced to sell their product to the state at
low prices created by the state Failed to help economy
Created a drastic drop in farming productivity and led to famine
Коллективизация сельского хозяйства
Bad weather and massive confiscation of grain created a serious famine Several million peasants died
Deteriorating conditions in the country drove peasants to the cities Helped fuel industrialization Increased Russia’s urban population
Трудные условия
Wealthier peasants Strong opposed state control of
agriculture Retaliated Slaughter herds Burned crops Destroyed property Attack officials
Revolts Many peasants executed
Кулаки
Failure to fulfill the quota of the Five Year Plan would result in treason charges
Miners worked 16-18 hours a day Forced labor
Labor camps Gulags Corrective labor camps
Плохие условия
ГУЛАГ (ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛВНИЕ ЛАГЕРЕЙ)
Заключённые
Responsible for the huge rise in numbers in the Gulags
Many believe this was due to the economic need for workers
Growth in the labor camp system directly coincided with the peak in Russian industrialization
Prisoners in the camps were assigned distinct economic tasks Exploitation of natural resources Industrial construction projects
Массовые аресты
Лагеря