Post on 23-Dec-2015
Bridge Structure Typesand
Components
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 2
Types of Bridges• Girders or Beams
• Trusses
• Flat Slabs
• Rigid Frames
• Arches
• Suspension
• Culverts
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 3
Types of Culverts
• Rigid– concrete, timber
• Flexible– corrugated steel
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 4
Girder Bridges
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 5
Steel “I” Girder Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 6
Steel Box Girder Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 7
Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 8
Concrete “T” Girder Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 9
Concrete Flat Slab Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 10
Standard PrestressedConcrete Girder
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 11
Standard PrecastConcrete Girder
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 12
Timber Girder Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 13
Truss Bridge
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 14
Pony Truss Section
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 15
Through Truss Section
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 16
Deck Truss Elevation
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 17
Deck Truss Section
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 18
Rigid Steel Frame Elevation
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 19
Rigid Frame Section
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 20
Span Types
• Simple span– girder, beam or truss spans from one
support to another– each end has its own bearing– joint over every support
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 21
Simple Spans
fixed jointexpansionjoint
simple span
expansionjoint
fixed bearing
expansion bearings fixed bearings
expansion bearing
fixed joint
simple span
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 22
Span Types
• Continuous span– the girder, beam or truss is continuous over several
supports– only one bearing on each support– only joints at end of continuous section
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 23
Continuous Spans
expansionjoint
expansionjoint
expansion bearing
fixed bearing
expansion bearing
continuous span
expansion bearing
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 24
Decks
• transfer wheel loads to the main load carrying members
• girders, beams, trusses, etc.
Timber Decks Concrete Decks
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 25
Curbs and Medians• Define travel lanes
• Safety
Wheelguards
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 26
Girder and Stringer ElementsSteel girder bridge section
(1a) top flange(1b) bottom flange, (2) web, (3) diaphragm(4) stiffener
Prestressed girder bridge section
1b
32
1b
32
4
1a
1a
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 27
Truss Elements
(1) top chord
(2) bottom chord(3) batter post
(4) verticals and diagonals
1
3
34
4
2
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 28
Through Truss Elements
1 top chord2 bottom chord3 verticals & diagonals4 wind or sway bracing5 bottom lateral bracing6 top lateral bracing7 stringers8 floor beams
1
3
25
8
7
46
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 29
Abutments
Approach s lab
W ingw all
BackwallSeat
P iles
Spill ThroughSection
WingwallsApproach
Slab
Backwall
Seat
Spill ThroughPlan
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 30
Abutments
W ingw a ll
B ackw allS eat
F ooting
A pproach s lab
Retaining Wall TypeSection
Retaining Wall TypePlan
WingwallsApproach
Slab
Backwall
Seat
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 31
Piers
COLUMN TYPE PIER SHAFT TYPE PIER
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 32
Bearings
• Types– fixed– expand
• Material– steel– neoprene, Teflon
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 33
Bearings
ROCKER BEARING ROLLER BEARING
POT BEARINGNEOPRENE BEARING
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 34
Neoprene Bearing
N E O P R E N E
G R O U T PA D
T E F LO N
S TA IN LE S S S T E E L P LAT E
S T E E L B E D P LAT E
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 35
Deck Joints
• Types– expansion– fixed
• Styles– water tight– open
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 36
Deck Joints
OPEN JOINT WITH TROUGH
SEALED JOINT
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 37
Bridge Railing
• Types– flex beam– vertical bar– tube type– barriers
• Material– steel (rail and post)– wood (rail and post)– concrete (posts & barriers)
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 38
Culvert Types• Rigid
• Flexible
• ABC & CAB
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 39
Rigid Culvert
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 40
Flexible Culvert
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 41
Flexible Culverts CSP & SPCSP
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 42
Flexible Culvert ComponentsLC C ULVERT
O U TLET
BAR REL SEC TIO NBEVEL EN D
R IPR AP
APR O N
D /S IN VERTBEVEL EN D
C O LLAR
INLET
C ULVERT
STR EAM BED (U /S )
STR EAM BED (D /S )
U /S IN VERT
C O N CR ETEC UT -O F F WALL
C O N CR ETE AR CH(O R H EAD WALL)
FLO W
C RO W N O F R O AD
R O AD W AY SHO ULDER
BRIDGE STRUCTURE TYPES AND COMPONENTS
TECHNICAL STANDARDS BRANCHINTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES
TRANSPORTATION
Slide 43
Rigid Culvert Components