BLOOD

66. Blood

• fluid tissue made of liquid and cells

Blood

• About 5 liters• Travels about 40 mph through

vessels

Blood

A. Plasma – yellowish liquid that blood cells float around in

Plasma

a. Makes up – 55% of bloodb. Made of – 90% water, proteins

B. Erythrocytes - Red blood cells

5 million red blood cells in a drop of blood

Erythrocytes

a. Shape - Concave disc, allows them to bend and twist

Erythrocytes

b. Not true cells, lack a nucleus

Erythrocytes

c. Job – carry O₂ to body cells, carry CO₂ to lungs to be released

Erythrocytes

d. Hemoglobin – red protein that binds to O₂ and CO₂

Hemoglobin

• Oxygen-rich – bright red color• Oxygen-poor – dark maroon color

Life span

e. Constantly wear out (120 days) and remade in bone marrow

About 2 million die every second

C. Leukocytes – white blood cells

7,000 white blood cells in a drop of blood

Leukocytes

a. Size - larger than Red Blood Cells

Leukocytes

b. Job – guard body against disease

Types of Leukocytes

Monocytes

• “phagocytes”, engulf bacteria and old red blood cells

Lymphocytes

• Produce antibodies that fight disease and destroy infected cells

Eosinophils

• Kill parasitic worms

D. Thrombocytes - platelets

Half a million platelets in a drop of blood

Thrombocytes

a. Not real cells, pieces of cytoplasm from larger cells

Thrombocytes

b. Job – essential for blood clotting

c. Clotting Process

• Platelets clump to the injured area• Release chemicals that react with

proteins in the blood

Clotting Process

• Creates fibrin – threads that intertwine and form a net• Blood cells are stopped and scab

forms

Blood Types

E. Blood Type

• Determined by genes, and presence or absence of antigens

Type A

a. Has A antigen

Type B

b. Has B antigen

Type AB

c. Has both A and B antigens

Type O

d. Has neither A or B antigens

How do you find your blood type?

Importance

e. If blood transfusion is needed

Blood Type Can Donate To Can Receive From

Blood Type

• Identified not only by letter but also by being positive or negative

Rh factor

f. The presence or absence of an Rh antigen

• Rh+ = Have the Rh antigen• Rh- = Don’t have the Rh antigen

Where are you at?

F. Blood Pressure

• Measurement of force applied to the artery walls

Blood Pressure

a. Systolic pressure – maximum pressure in an artery-beating and pumping

b. Diastolic pressure – is the lowest pressure in an artery-resting

Blood Pressure

c. Normal – 120/80

Other Circulatory Disorders

Hypertension

a. High blood pressure, over works the heart and damages the arteries

Causes (Pick 4)• Smoking • Being overweight • Lack of physical activity • Too much salt in the diet • Too much alcohol consumption (no more

than 1 to 2 drinks per day) • Stress • Older age • Genetics • Family history of high blood pressure

Anemia

b. Fatigue from lack of oxygen

Anmeia

• Hemorrhagic – too few red blood cells

Anmeia

• Iron deficiency – too little iron on RBCs for oxygen to attach to

Anmeia

• Sickle cell – genetic, sickle shaped RBCs clot easily

c. Hemophilia

• Genetic, blood doesn’t clot

d. Leukemia

• Cancer of the blood, produces immature WBCs