Biomass Power GenerationUsing UTC PureCycle Technology

Presented by: Gwen Holdmann 2007 Alaska Rural Energy Conference, April 24-26th

UTC

United Technologies

� Fortune 500 Company

� Divisions include: Hamilton Sunstrand, Otis, Pratt & Whitney, Sikorsky, UTC Power, and Carrier

� 20th largest US Manufacturer

� 39th largest US Corporation

� 220,000 employees

� 42.7 billion in sales in 2005

Carrier Chiller

Compressor

Evaporator/Cooler

Condenser

Heat Out

Heat In

Throttle Valve Motor

Power In

Refrigeration Cycle

19XR/XRT19XR/XRT

Evaporator/Cooler

CompressorMotor

Condenser

First working 200kW ORC Unit

The PureCycle© 200

ORC in Austin, Texas operating off

landfill flare heat

ORC in Danville, IL using exhaust heat

from 3 Jenbacher engines

Chena Geothermal Power Plant

� 400kW net; installed in 2006

� Uses 500 gpm of 165ºF water

� Air and water cooled

� Reduced local cost of power from 30¢ to 5¢

� Total project cost $2.2 million

� Thanks to AEA and Denali Commission

� Efficiency <10%

Chena Geothermal Power Plant

Chena Power Plant

Chena Power Plant

PureCycle w/ Water-Cooled System

Configuration for Chena

Monument Creek Provides Cooling Water (~40F)

Geothermal Wells Provide Hot Water (~165F)

PureCycle using Biomass Heat Source

Air cooled condenser

Biomass (8000btu/lb)

Biomass Power Plant

Biomass Power Plant

� Proposed for Fairbanks North Star Borough Landfill

� 400kW gross, 300kW net output

� Fuel is 5000 tons of paper, cardboard and brush

� Designed for rural village application – thermal oil boiler, load following

� Increased efficiency over geothermal installation through addition of a topping cycle

R245fa & FC-84 TS Cycle Diagram

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

0.0000 0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000

Entropy (Btu/(lbm-R))

Tem

pera

ture

(F

)

Temperature – Entropy Cycle Diagram

Topping Cycle

Bottoming Cycle

Reject Heat to District Heating Loop

orProduce Additional

Power

Proposed Biomass Power CyclesKetone topping cycle doubles efficiency to 20% and increases energy utilization to 80%

Similar to Chena Chiller

System

Paper makes up ~ 50% of the waste stream in U.S.

Municipal Waste: Fairbanks• Eielson Recycling Program to

densify 1500 tons per year of waste paper and cardboard discontinued in 2006

• Fuel pellets co-fired with coal at Eielson

• Potentially 14,000+ tons available based on national averages –current no recycling of paper

• The FNSB is committed to implementing a more comprehensive recycling plan

Photo of Shred-Tech STQ100 (photo of model at a dif ferent project location)

Shred-Tech System

Right: Auger system automatically feeds boiler as

heat is needed.

Live Floor to Feed Thermal Oil Heater

Boiler or Thermal Oil Heater

Med temp ORC

200kW Power output

200kW Power output

Air or water condenser

Heating Loop

High temp ORC

The Goal: Combined Heat and Power (CHP)

Dot Lake System OperationWood for Space

Heating (Dot Lake)

� Successful biomass crop in Europe and in test plot at New York University

� Could be used in rural Alaska for heating and power generation

� Provides excellent moose and caribou habitat

� Already grows successfully in Alaska!!

Short Rotation Woody Biomass Crops

New York University 500 acre willow biomass test plot

Short Rotation Woody Biomass Crops

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0

Average Generation (MW)

Pric

e ($

/kW

h)

ForestedNon-Forested

Source: Alaska Energy Authority

Average Power Generation vs. Non-Firm Price

Design stand-alone biomass fueled power plant for Alaskan village applications

200kW Modular size

Thermal oil substitutes for water (steam) to eliminate freezing problems with unplanned shutdown, eliminate need for makeup water and water treatment

Couple with short-rotation woody biomass crop (willow)

Unmanned grid independent operation with safe shutdown and remote monitoring

Increase cycle efficiency to 20%

Project Objectives